UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR

P.G. Diploma under the Faculty of Science

P.G. Diploma in Geographical Cartography(Geography)
P.G. Diploma in Medical Investigative Technology(Geography)
P.G. Diploma in Environmental Studies
P.G. Diploma in Human Ecology
P.G. Diploma in Population Ecology
P.G. Diploma in Ornithology and Wildlife Examination
P.G. Diploma in Statistical Application
P.G. Diploma in Remote Sensing and GIS
P.G. Diploma in Water Resource Management
P.G. Diploma in Computer Application

P.G.DIPLOMA COURSE IN GEOGRAPHICAL CARTOGRAPHY


The distribution of marks will be as follows:
Line map.,Rain fall variability map.
Theory:
Paper-I 100 marks
Paper-II 100 marks 200 marks
Practicals:
Practical-I 60 marks
Practical-II 60 marks
Practical-III 60 marks 300 marks
Practical Record Book 50 marks
Project work 50 marks
Viva-Voce on Project work 20 marks

Theory:Paper-I
  1. Cartography-Definitc,Basic principles,Cartography as science and Arts,Maps as a logical system.
  2. Historical development of cartography.
  3. Types of Maps classification and Documentation and Diagrams.
  4. Diagrams:Polygraph-Semi-Log and Log-Log graph.Trilinear chart,climographs,Annual water deficiency and water surpplur graph-linkage tree construction Ergograph,Block diagrams two point 3 point perspective.
  5. Ground surveying and mapping(means and methods).
  6. Aerial photography-elements of photogrammetry.
  7. Remote sensing and satellite maps.
  8. Automation and recent trends and research in Cartography

Paper-II:Cartographic Methods & Techniques:(100 Marks)
  1. Drawing,scribing and other instruments-paper,inks,colour etc.
  2. Processing and Tabulation of data for mapping.
  3. Generalization in Cartography.
  4. Use and application map projections.
  5. Symbolization of qualitative and Quantitative data.
  6. Cartographic methods and techniques.
  7. Map Design-Balance and sequence in cartographic representation.
  8. Cartometry-use of diagrams on maps.

PRACTICALS
practical-I:Construction and Interpretation of Maps:(Marks:60)
  1. Scales-Construction and use of different scales-Graphic diagonal etc.
  2. Cartographic representation of data-use of point,line and area symbols(Use of calculating machines and mathematical tables permitted to process data).
  3. Interpretation of (a)Topographic maps Indian,U.S.and O.,S.Sheets,(b)Interpretation of Geological maps,section drawing(c)Aerial Photographs.
  4. Preparation of (a)Base map(b)Thematic map,and complex map.

Practical-II:Use of Instruments and Field Mapping:(Marks:60)
  1. use of common drawing and scribing instruments.
  2. Use of special equipment for change of scale of maps and area measurement.(a)Pantograph(b)Grant Projector(c) Sketch Master (d)Camera Photographic apparatus(e)Planimeter.
  3. Use of Surveying instruments:(a)Plane Table & Clinometer(b)Prismatic Compass(c)Dumpy level(d)Theodolite (e) Triangulation and Geodatic Surveying.
  4. Construction of map Projection(Both geographical and mathematical):(a)Mercator(b)Moleweide(c)Sinusoidal(d)Conical equal area with one and two standard parallels(e)Polyconic(f)International.
  5. Globe and coordinates and their functions Geographic Coordinates,Astronomical and geocentric letitude.Gride system.

Practical-II:Techniques of Map Analysis and Method of Reproduction:(Marks 60)
  1. Methods of profile drawing:(a)Simple(b)Superimposed(c)Projected.
  2. Methods of representing relief:
    1. Contours
    2. Hachures
    3. Block Diagrams.
  3. Method of slope analysis.
  4. Methods of reproduction for:
  1. Nono-colour maps and diagrams.
  2. Bulti-colour maps and diagrams.
  3. Isopeth,Choropeth,Dasymetric maps,chorochromatic Map,Isochrone map,population potential surface map,desire.
  1. Field study:The student should visit any mapping office or institute and prepare a report to be submitted on the visit and the impresion they received.
  2. Project:A Project on any topic of Cartographic interest as assigned by the Head of the Department.

Books:
  1. Misra R.P:Fundamental of Cartography,Presangu,University of Mysore,Mysore,1969.
  2. Arthur,H.Robinson:Elements of Cartography,A Wilely International Edition(third),1976.
  3. Raiz E.:Principles of Cartography,Mc.Graw Hill Co.,N.Y.1962.
  4. Monkhouse and H.R. Wilkinson:Maps and Diagrams,Mehuen,London,1977.
  5. Lawrence,GRP:Cartographic Methods,London,1971.
  6. Dickenson GC:Maps and Air Photographs,London,1969.
  7. Dickenson GC:Statistical Mapping and Mapping statistics,London.
  8. Worthington SDB and Robert Gant:Techniques of Map Analysis,Macmillan Co.,London,1974.
  9. Crone,Gr:Maps and Their Makers,1958.
  10. Stears:An Introduction to the study of Map Projections.
  11. Dawson JA and Unwin:Competing for Geographers,1978.
  12. Keats JS:Cartographic Design and production.
  13. Wolf PIR:Elements of Photogrametry,1974.
  14. Low C.P.:Geographic Application of Aeriall Photography,1979.
  15. Barret and Crooks:Introduction of Environmental Remote sansing.
  16. Gautam N.C.:Urban Lan use studies through Aerical photo Interpratition Techniques,,Pink publishing House,Mathura.

MEDICAL INVESTIGATIVE TECHNOLOGY

Qualifications for the students to be admitted for this Diploma course should be "B.Sc.with Biology"Duration of the course:one academic session,consisting of atleast 180 days of study.The Examination will be for Theory as wel as PRACTICAL Minimum pass marks will be 50%,separately in Theory and practical in each subject.
THEORY
There will be 4 papers of 100 marks each of 3 hrs.duration including 20 marks of internal Assessment and 80 marks of University Theory paper.
Paper(1) Section'A'40 :Elementary Anatomy & Physiololgy
Section'B'40 :Hematologly & Blood Transfusion
Paper(2) Section'A'40 :Biochemistry
Section'B'40 :Laboratory Management
Paper(3) Section'A'40 :Microbiology
Section'B'40 Parasitololgy & Serology
Paper(4) Section'A'40 :General Pathologly & Cytologly
Section'B'40 :Toxicology

PRACTICAL
There will 3 practical of 200 marks each including 40 marks of internal Assessment & 160 marks of practical & Viva.
  1. Hematology and Blood Tranfusion
  2. Biochemistry:Laboratory Management and Toxicology.
  3. Microbiology:Paasitologly & Serologly.

LABORATORY MANAGEMENT
THEORY
  1. Design and lay out of analytical laboratory.
  2. Receipt of material and record keeping.
  3. Laboratory management.
  4. Prevention of laboratory accidents and laboratory infection and First Aid.
  5. Care of Laboratory animals.
  6. Collection and preservation of the material:
    7. Water:Blood/Serum;Urine;stool;sputum;semen;C.S.F.and other fluids;Histology specimen.
  7. Transportation of these material for examination (Smear,Culture,Serollogly,Biochemistry,Haematology and Cytologly).
  8. Presentation of data including basic statistical methods.
  9. Maintenance and fault finding in respect of common electrical/electronic lab equipments.
  10. Quality control in laboratory services.

ELEMENTARY ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
THEORY
  1. Introduction to Human body.
  2. Structure of Cell and organclles.
  3. Elementary tissues of the body- Epithhelial,connective tissue,muscle,nerve.
  4. Basic knowledge about structure & function of:-
    5. -Digestive system -Cardiovascular system including E.C.G. -Excretion including skin. -Respiratory system. -Nervous system. -Endocrines. -Reproduction.
  5. Body fluids-tissue fluid,edema.

BIOCHEMISTRY
THEORY
  1. Introduction and scopes of biochemistry.
  2. Simple Analytical techniques-Weighing of solids and liquids,preparation of solution,simple acidbase titration.
  3. pH,Buffers type & their uses,Regulation of pH in blood and body fluid,Alkalosis & cidosis.
  4. Mole,Molar & Normal solution.
  5. General nature of Carbohydrates,Lipids,Proteins & Nucleio Acids/relevant in medical investigations of Enzymes including Diagnostic Enzymes.
  6. Plasma proteins & A.G.Ratio and Non-Protein Nitrogenous compounds.
  7. Function tests of Liver,Kidney and Pancreas.
  8. Test of Gastric Function,Occlt Blood.
  9. Analysis of C.S.F
  10. Water analysis for its potability.

PRACTICAL
  1. Cleaning of Glasswares,weighing and measuring volumes.
  2. Calibration of glass apparatus used in estimation.
  3. Collection,coding,preservation and disposal of biological specimen,material for biochemical analysis.
  4. Colorimetry,Flame Photometry,Electrophoresis and Chromatography.
  5. Qualitative estimation of-
    1. Carbohydrates & Proteins.
    2. Abnormal Urine.
    3. Stool(Occult Blood).
  6. Quantitative estimation of-
    1. Blood Sugar.
    2. Lipid profit.e (Total lipid,phospholipis,triglycerides,total Cholesterol,HDL,LDL,VLDL).
    3. Serum Urea,Creatinine,Uric acid.
    4. Serum SGPT & Billirugin.
    5. Total proteins and A/G ratio.
    6. Biochemistry of C.S.F.& Pleural Fluid.
    7. Serum Electrolytes.
    8. Serum GHb.
    9. Total CPK.
  7. Chemical analysis of body fluids,drinking water.

TOXICOLOGY
THEORY
  1. Introduction to Toxicology.
  2. Classfication of Poisons.
  3. Fatal dose and Fatal period of common poisons.
  4. Detection of Poison:-
    1. Metallic Poison.
    2. Non-metallic Poisons.
    3. Irritant Poisons.
    4. Inebrients and volatile poison-specially alcohols.
    5. Poisons affecting-C.N.S.
    6. Poisons affecting respiration and blood.
  5. Isecticides,Plant poison and pesticides and their effects on human body.
  6. Habbit forming durgs and addction and their detection.
  7. Aims and objects of post mortem examination,and preservation of material after post mortem examination.

PRACTICAL
  1. Identification of important poisons.(Naked eye).
  2. Detection of few common poisons(Demonstration).

MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
THEORY
  1. Microbial world.
  2. Basic structure of bacterial cell,functions of cell organelles and classification of Bacteria.
  3. Normal Bacterial flora of the body and its importance.
  4. Introduction and laboratorly methods of indentification of common micro-organisms encountered in blood,urine,stool,pus,C.S.F.,and other bodly fluids,throat swabs etc.Particular attention should be paid to-staphylococci,Streptococci,Pneumococci,Nesseria,Diptheria,Clostridia,Bacteroides,Enteric pathogens,Cholera,Pseudomonas.
  5. Mycologly:General characters of fungi:Yeast like fungi and Dermatophytes,diseases produced by them.
    6. Virololgy:General character and classification:Diagnostic methods;Materials collected for virus isolation and preservation of material.
  6. Immunology(Serologly):
  1. Antigens & Antibodies
  2. Complement fixation test
  3. Aggllutination
  4. precipitation
  5. Flocculation
  6. Neutralization
  7. Immune Electrophoresis
  8. Serology of syphilis
  9. Haem Agglutination tests
  10. Skin test.

PARASITOLOGY
PRACTICAL
  1. Collection of stool and examination for detection of protoxoa(Trophozoite and cystic form)and different papasitcs and their ova.
  2. Concentration of ova and cyst in stool.
  3. Deomnstration of Trichomonas in Vaginal smears.
  4. Casoni's test.
  5. Hydatid fluid.
  6. Amoebic pus.
  7. Water for Cyclops.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY
THEORY
  1. Introduction to pathologly(Morbid Anatomy & Histology).
  2. Degeneration,Necrosis and gangarene and how to recognise them.
  3. Infection,Thrombosis and Embolism.
  4. Inflammation.
  5. Neoplasia,Benign and Melignant tumors.

HAEMATOLOGY
THEORY
  1. Blood forming tissue and bone marrow.
  2. Composition of blood
  3. Formation of R.B.C.and W.B.C.platelets;and study of bone marrow to identify these cells.
  4. Blood coagulation and important test of coagulation defects.
  5. Haemoglobin-structure,formation and normal value.
  6. Haemoglobinopathes and methods of their detection.
  7. Anaemias-their classifiction and diagnostic test.
  8. Leukemias:Classification and diagnosis.
  9. Blood groups,matchning cross matching;Blood transfusion and coomb's test.

PRACTICAL
  1. Collection of blood from various sites in adults and children.
  2. Anticoagulants used in Haematologly.
  3. Preparation and composition of diluting fluid for different counts.
  4. Preparation of different stains used in haematologly.
  5. Haemoglobin estimation and different methods used.
  6. Total and differential W.B.C.count.
  7. Preparation of Peripheral blood fildm staining technique and examination.
  8. Total R.B.C.count.
  9. Total Plazelet count.
  10. Teticulocyte count.
  11. Total Eosinophil count(T.E.C.,V.E.C.).
  12. E.S.R.-Westergreen & Wintrobe methods and Factors which effect E.S.R.
  13. P.C.V.and Blood indices-M.C.V.,M.C.H.& M.C.H.C.
  14. Bleeding Time,Clotting Time,Prothrombin Time,Prothrombin Time(Partial).
  15. Blood grouping,cross matching,Coomb's test,Bleeding and Transfusion.
  16. Bone marrow examination.
  17. Examination of seminal fluid.

POST P.G.DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Scheme of Examination
First Division 60%Diploma course will include Four papers
Second Division 50% It is essential to obtain pass marks in individual papers.

The division will be based upon aggregate marks obtained in all the four papers.
Eligibility for Admission
Master's degree in Botany,Zoology,Physics,Chemistry,Mathematics,Geology,Agriculture,Environent Science,Biotechnology,Engineering,Medical Science,Geography(with B.Sc.),Law(with B.Sc.)with atleast 50% in aggregate.
Syllabus:
Environmental Studies(Duration-One Year)
Paper I :Fundamentals of Ecology and Natural Resources
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper II Environmental Pollution
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper III Environmental Management,Planning & Training
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper IV Practicals and Field Studies
Duration 5 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper I :Fundamentals of Ecology and Natural Resources
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :Development of Ecology
Unit-2 :The Ecosystem Concepts
Unit-3 :Habitat Ecology and Biodiversity in different Ecosystems.
Unit-4 :Organism-Environment Intraction and Interaction.
Unit-5 :Resources,Conservation and Biotechnology.
Paper-II :Environmental Pollution
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :Environmental Factors and Environmental Pollutants.
Unit-2 :Air Pollution
Unit-3 :Noise,Radiation,Space and Land Pollution
Unit-4 Water Pollution
Unit-5 :Role of International Organizations and Environmental Laws.
Paper III :Environmental Management,Planning and Training
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :State of the World Environment
Unit-2 :Pollution Abatement Technology & Energy Production.
Unit-3 :Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Unit-4 :Forest,Grassland,Desert and Wasteland Management.
Unit-5 :Waste Management and Environmental Education.
Paper IV :Field Studies and Practicals:
Duration 5 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Details of Course:
Paper-I:Fundamentals of Ecology and Natural Resources
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-I:Development of Ecology:Scope of ecology and its relationship with other branches of science.Autecology and synecology.Historical development of global ecology with emphasis on Indian ecology.Ecological principles and factors affecting the flora and fauna and human being on earth.
Unit-II:The Ecosystem Concepts:The global terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem,ecotones and biomex.Ecological pyramids of number,biomass and energy,Food chain and food web and tropic levels Ecological amplitude and ecological niches.
Ecological energetics,flow of Energy in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Microbial ecology and Biogeochemical cycling of Carbon,Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Sulfur,and Hydrological cycle.
Primary and secondary productivity of different ecosystems in the world;methods of measurements of productivity and factors affecting it.
Unit-III:Habitat Ecology and Biodiversity in different Ecosystem: Terrestrial ecosystem and biological diversity:
  1. Forest-Distribution of forests,types of forest,forest as an ecosystem,rates of depletion of biodiversity in tropical forests in the world forest conservation policies and Forest Acts.
  2. Grasslands-Grassland ecosystem,distribution and types of grassland and productivity in grasslands.
  3. Desert-Desert ecosystem,hot and cold desert,Productivity,characteristics and global distribution of desert.Desertification process,Geology,Geography and geomorphological aspects of Thar desert,Adaptations in desert fauna and flora.Vegetation types of Thar desert,Change in land use pattern due to introduction of canals,and Ecological consequences.
  4. Wasteland-Types and distribution in India.

Aquatic ecosystem:
  1. Fresh Water-Lentic and Lotic ecosystem,
  2. Eusturaies Structure,energy flow and productivity.
  3. Marine-Structure of Marine ecosystem,energy flow and productivity.
Wetland Ecosystem-Distribution,Energetic and Productivity of wetland ecosystem.
Unit-IV:Organism-Environment Interaction and Intraction:
  1. Interaction and Intraction:Commensalism,Amensalism,Mutualism,Parasitism,Predation,Neutralism,Symbiosis and Proto-cooperation.
  2. Diseases:Rabies,Helminthie diseases,Encophalities,Dengue fever,Japanese encephalitis(by pigs an birds etc.),Malaria,Tuberculosis and Schistomiosis.
  3. Ecological Balance:Balance of Nature,Natural regulations and Homeostasis.

Unit-V:Resources,Conservation and Biotechnology:
  1. Non-renewable resources-Availability,distribution and economics(demand,production,consumption and supply)of non-renewable resources(coal,oil,petrol and natural gases).
  2. Renewable resources-Distribution,rate of depletion and imbalances.
  3. Wildlife resources-Necessity of wildlife,state of wildlife in India and wildlife conservation Acts.
  4. Conservation-Principles of conservation,National and International policies of conservaation,WWF and CITES and world conservation strategies(WCS).
  5. Biosphere reserves-National parks,sanctuaries and Tiger projects in India.
  6. Biotechnology-Use of biotechnology in Exploitation(by Western countries)and Conservation of biodiversity.

Paper II:Environmental Pollution
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-1:Environmental Factors an Environmental Pollutants:
  1. Environmental Factors-Physical factors,Social factors and Biological factors.
  2. Environmental Pollution State-Global Scene(developed and developing countries)of enviromental pollution.
  3. Pollutants-Nature of pollutants,Physical,chemical and biological characteristics of pollutants.

Unit-2:Air Pollution:
  1. Atmospheric composition and stratification.Types of air pollutants,Sources of emissions of air pollutants,atmospheric physics,and chemistry of air pollution,methods of detection and measurements of air pollution.
  2. Effects-Effects of air pollution on vegetation,man,animal,materials and environment.
  3. Global Warming-Levels of emission of Green House gases,Green House Effect,climate change,sea level rise,implication of Global warming on mainland(agriculture,residential place & diseases),ozone depletion and consequences,Montreal protocol,Biological aspects of air pollution.
  4. Acid Rain-Chemistry causes and effects of Acid Rain.
  5. Control-Air pollution control methods and strategies.

Unit-3:Noise,Radiation,Space & Land Pollution:
  1. Noise Pollution-Sources and causes of Noise Pollution,Methods of detection of Noise Pollution,Biomedical aspects of Noise Pollution.
  2. Radiation Pollution-Radiation characteristics,Radiation Pollution,causes,impacts and control strategies.
  3. Space Pollution-Causes,implication and control technology.
  4. Land Pollution-Causes,impacts and control of Land Pollution.

Unit-4:Water Pollution:
  1. Potable water standards,Types of water pollutants and their sources.
  2. Impacts-Impact of water pollution on human,plants and animals.Water borne disease(diarrhea,dysentery,typhoid,viral hepatitis and control).
  3. Marine Pollution-Causes impact and control of Marine-Pollution.
  4. Water treatment-Waste-Water treatment methods.
  5. Thermal Pollution-Causes,impact the control of thermal pollution.Magnitude of thermal pollution in India.
  6. Surveillance and economics of water.

Unit-5:Role of International Organisations and Environmental Laws:
  1. Environmental legislation in India and environmental provisions in the Indian constitution Environmental(Protection)Act,1986,Noise,Water and Air Pollution Acts of India.
  2. Man and Biophere Programme;United Nations Education,Social and Cultural Organization;United Nations Development Programme,World Bank,World Wide Fund,United Nations Environment Programme Global Environmental Facility,International Geosphere Biosphere Programme.

Paper III:Environmental Management Planning & Training
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-1:State of the World Environment:
  1. State of the Environment:With respect to Deforestation,Desertification,Industrialization,Urbanisation,Population Explosion and Consequences.
  2. Environmental Monitoring:Ground Monitoring,Aerial Monitoring(Survey)and Satellite Monitoring(Remote Sensing).
  3. Ecological Economics:Cost-benefit Analysis.

Unit-2:Pollution Abatement Technology and Energy Production:
  1. Technology for Air Pollution Abatement:Technology for mobile source and for stationary sources.
  2. Technology for waste Water Treatment,Water pollution Abatement and River Pollution Abatement.
  3. Technology for abatement of Marine Pollution.
  4. Energy:Supply,consumption and conservation of energy,Environmental Impacts of Production and use of energy and their reduction techniques and Non-conventional methods of energy production.

Unit-3:Environmental Impact assessment(EIA)and sustainable development:
  1. EIA:Procedures in different countries and Methodologies of EIA of chemical Industries,Nuclear power Plants,Thermal Power Plants,Mining,River Projects and harbors.
  2. Environmental Health Impact Assessment and Social Impact Assessment.
  3. Strategies for Ecologically Sustainable economic development for Agriculture Industries,Energy production,Forestry,and Fisheries,Role of World commission of Environmental and Development.

Unit-4:Forest,Grassland,Desert and Wasteland Management:
  1. Nursery and Afforestation Techniques,biotechnology for genetic resources and sustainable forest management.
  2. Grassland maintenance and management.
  3. Consequences of grazing and methods of combating desertification and sustainable desert development.
  4. Land reclamation Technology and wasteland management.

Unit-5:Waste Management and Environmental Education:
  1. Solid waste,Hazardous waste and Nuclear waste Management(disposal,recycling,recovery,reusing & treatments).
  2. Environmental Education in different countries,Environmental Ethics and Environmental Policies,Declaration in Stockholm(1972)Montreal(1987),Delhi(1990)and Rio de Jeneiro Brazil(1992),SASRC-Environmental Platform.

Paper IV:Practicals and Field Study
Duration 5 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Field Study:50 Marks
Due to increase of human population beyond the carrying capacity of the given area,unplanned and unsustainable development has been causing environment problems of different nature and magnitude.Students are to be engaged in study of community need based problems for carrying out their field work and submit a report with Min.50 and Max.100 pages.
Practical Exercises:50 Marks
  1. Interpretation,assessment of character and natural resources,components of ecosystem through remote sensing techniques.
  2. Bio-mass estimation-terrestrial aquatic
  3. Productivity of an ecosystem(Oxygen determination in aquatic and by harvest method in terrestrial).
  4. Water,sediment,flora and fauna-sampling analysis and plotting of data.A. Soil:Composition and conductivity determination,temperature,carbonates,organic matter,chloride,moistures.
    5. B.Water:Estimation of dissolved oxygen,nitrates,bicarbonates,chlorides,estimation of free OO2in water,temperature,turbidity,water table estimation,Acidity of water,alkalinity of water,total suspended solids,estimation of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
  5. Identification of important economic and rock-forming minerals,best rocks,fossils and bio-species.
  6. Preparation of ecological map-showing distribution of mineral resources,fauna and flora in an area.
  7. Phytosociological studies-Determination of frequency,density,abundance and I.V.I.
  8. Air sampling and measurement of gaseous pollution.
  9. Detection of Noise levels.

Environmental Study Tour:
Mandatory participation of students in environment-related tours organized by the Centre/Department:
  1. National Parks,Sanctuaries,Tiger Projects.
  2. Different places for the study of marine ecosystem for forest ecosystem,desert ecosystem,grassland ecosystem etc.
  3. Different Institutes in India,where projects related to Environmental problems,Environmental Education,Sustainable Development are being carried out and the areas prone to Environmental problem.
  4. Different polluting industries/projects e.g.Nuclear Power Station,Thermal Power Station,Mining,Sites and Fertilizer and Chemical Industries.

Suggested Readings
  1. Abbasi,S.A.1991,Environmental Imports of Water Resources Projects Discovery Publishing House,New Delhi pp.198.
  2. Agrawal V.P.and Rana,SVS 1985 Environmental and Natural Resources,Jenendra Press,Muzaffarnagar,India pp.155.
  3. Allaby,M.1986.Ecology Facts,Bridge House London,Rd.Twickenham,Middlesex pp.192.
  4. Alvares,C.and Billorey,R.1988,Damming the Narmada.Natraj Publishers Dehradun pp.196.
  5. Anantbakrishana,T.N.1987,Bioresource Ecology,Oxford IBH publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.,pp.179.
  6. Bladwin,J.H.1985,Environmental Planning and Management International Book Distributors,Dehradun pp.336.
  7. Bandhu,D and Ramnathan,N.L.1982.Education for Environmental Planning and observation.Natraj Publishers,Deharadun.pp.484.
  8. Banerjee,B.N.1987,Environmental pollution and Bhopal Killings,Gian Publishing House,New Delhi pp.190.
  9. Beez,A.V.Knamitter,G.W.and Smith,J.C.1987.The Environmental and Science and Technology Education.Pergamon Press,Oxford.pp.430
  10. Begon,M.Harper,J.L.and Townshen,C.R.1986.Ecology Indivisuals,Population and Communities.Blackwell Scientific Publication,London.pp.876.
  11. Bellamy,D.1985.The Conservation Review.Welsh and Bower Ltd.,Exerter.Devon.pp.175.
  12. Bond R.G.and Strobe,C.P.1973.Handbook of Environmental Control Vol-III Solid Waste,CRC Press,Cleveland,Ohio.pp.580.
  13. Betaking,D.B.and Keller,EA.F.1982.Environmental Studies.Charles E.Merrill Publishing Co.,London pp.506.
  14. Bourne,P.G.1984,Water and Sanitation.Academic Press Inc.,New York pp.296.
  15. Brown,C.M.Campbell,I.and Priest,F.G.1987.Introduction to Biotechnology.Blackwell Scientific Publications,London.pp.169.
  16. Bull,A.T.,Holf,G.and Ully,M.D.1982,Biotechnology,Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.,New York pp.338.
  17. Cassedy,E.S.and Grossman,P.Z.1990,Introduction to Energy.Cambridge University Press,New York.pp.338.
  18. Chaatwal,G.R.,Mehra,S.C.Satake,M.Katya,M and Nagahiro,T.1989 Environmental Radiation and Thermal Pollution and their control Arcol Publications,New Delhi pp.200
  19. Chandra,D.and Sriniwasan,P.R.1990,Energy,Scope.South Asian Publisers Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi pp.285.
  20. Chapman,J.P.1989.Geography and Energy,Longman Scientific and Technical New York pp.260.
  21. Chaktraverty,A.1989.Biotechnology and other Alternative technologies.Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd..New Delhi,pp.248.
  22. Chhatwal,G.R.,Mehra,N.C.Satake,M.Katyal,T.,Katyal,M.and Nagahiro,T.19.Environmental land Marine Pollution and their Control.Armol Publications,New Delhi pp.335.
  23. Colinvaux,P.1986,Ecology,John Wiley & Sons,New York.pp 726.
  24. Crawford,M.1976.Air Pollution Control Theory,TATA McGraw Publishing Co.Ltd.,New Delhi,pp.624.
  25. Di Castri,F.Barker,FWG and Hadley,M.1984.Ecology in Practice Tycooly International Publishing Ltd.,Dublin,UNESCI,PARIS.pp.396.
  26. Egneus,H.and Ellegard,A.1985,Bioenergy 84,Vol.I to V.Elsevieer applied Science Publishers,London.
  27. Etherington,J.R.1983,Wetland Ecology.Arnold-Heinemann Publishers,New Delhi.pp.66.
  28. Ewans,M.1987,Bharatpur Bird Paradise.Luster Press Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi pp.144.
  29. Fiksel,J and Covello,V.T.1986 Biotechnology Risk Assessment Pergamon Press,New York.pp.174.
  30. Forsteb,C.F.,1985.Biotechnology and Wastewater Treatment.Cambridge University Press,London pp.376.
  31. Goyal,S.and Porwal,S.1986.Manual of Pollution Control Laws in India.Book corporation,New Delhi pp.213.
  32. Gupta,C.P.1989.Appropriate methodologies for development and management of ground water resources in developing countries.Vol-I,IIand III Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi.
  33. Hall,C.A.S.,Cleveland,C.J.and Kaufmann,R.1936.Energy and Resources Quality John Wiley and Sons.,New York.pp.577.
  34. Hall,D.O.and Overend,R.P.1987.Biomass,Regenerable energy.John Wiley and Sons,New York pp.504.
  35. Hawkins,R.E.1986.Encyclopedia of Indian natural History.Oxford University Press.New Delhi pp.504.
  36. Hillary,S.E.1984.Ecology 2000,The changing face of Earth.Michael Hoseph Ltd.,London pp.252.
  37. Hinnawi,EEE 1981.The Environmental Impacts of Production and use of Energy.UPEP Nairboe.pp.322.
  38. Khan,I.1987.Wasteland Aforestation:Techniques and system.Oxford and IBH Publishing co.Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi pp.163.
  39. Kormondy,E.J.1984.Concepts of Ecology Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi pp.298.
  40. Krebs,C.J.,1985.Ecology,Harper and Row Publishers,New York,London.pp.298.
  41. Kumar,p.1988.Ground water and well drilling.CBS Publishers and Distributors,New Delhi.pp.368.
  42. Landsberg.HH 1979,Energy:The Next Twenty Years,Ballinger Publishing Co.,Cambridge pp.628.
  43. Larkin,R.P.,Peter,G.L.and Exline,C.H.1980.People,Environment place:An introduction to human geography.Charles E.Merrill Publishing Co.,London.pp.356.
  44. Learmonth,A.1988,Discase Ecology.Basil Blackwell Ltd.,Oxford.pp.456.
  45. Lowenstein,M.Z.1985,Energy applications Biomass.Elsevier applied science publishers,London pp.325.
  46. Majupuria,T.C.1986,Wildlife Wealth of India.Teo Press Service Bangkok pp 656.
  47. Mathur,A.N.,1987.Bio Energy for Arid and Semi Arid Zones.Himanshu Publications,Udaipur India pp.99.
  48. Mohan,I.1989.Environmental Pollution and Management.Ashish Publishing House,New Delhi pp.387.
  49. Moore,PP.1986,Animal Ecology.Willian Collins Sons & Co.Ltd.,London pp.144.
  50. Muray,F.1982.Fluoride Emissions,Academic Press,New York.pp.234.
  51. Murty,M.N.1986.Economic evaluation of environmental management programmes.Commonwealth publishers,New Delhi.pp.140.
  52. Nath,P.and Nath,S.1990,Environmental Pollution Conservation and planning Vol.1 & 2,Chugh publications,Allahabad.
  53. Odum,E.P.1983.Basic Ecology.Saunders Collgeg Publishing,New York.pp.613.
  54. Olov Johnson,P.and Gustaf Lofgren,K.1985.The Economics of Forestry and Natural Resources,Basil Blackwell.Oxford pp.292.
  55. Pillai,K.M.1987.Water Management and PLanning.Himalaya publishing House,New Delhi.pp.148.
  56. Prakash,I.1988.Desert Ecology.Scientific publisher,Jodhpur.pp.313.
  57. Prasad,R.1988.Technology of Wasteland Development.Associated publishing Co.,New Delhi pp.356.
  58. Prentis,S.1984.Biotechnology:A New Industrial Revolution.Orbis Publishing,London.pp.192.
  59. Primrose,S.B.1987.Modern Biotechnology.Blackwell oxford.pp.176.
  60. Rana,S.V.S.1986,Recent trends in Biotechnology and Biosciences,Pragati Press,Muzzafarnagar.pp.289.
  61. Rehm,H.J.and Redd,G.1986.Biotechnology Vol.-1 to 8 VCH Nemheim,FRG.
  62. Sapru,R.K.1990,Environment Planning and Management in India,Vol.I & II.Ashish Publishing House,New Delhi.pp.315.
  63. Sasson,A.1988,biotechnologies and Development.UNESCO.PARIS.pp.361.
  64. Saunders,V.A.and Saunders,J.R.,1987.Microbial genetics applied to Biotechnology Cromm Helm,London.pp.422.
  65. Seshadri B.1986.India's Wildlife and Wild Resources.Sterling publishers Pvtr.Ltd.,New Delhi.pp.215
  66. Shastri S.and Trivedi,M.B.1988.Noise Pollution:Its Scientific and legal perspective Divyajyoti Prakashan,Jodhpur.pp.118.
  67. Shastri Satish,Bakre,PP.and Khan T.I.1996.Industry Environment and the law,RBSA Publisher,Jaipur.
  68. Singh,S.1986.Conserving India's Natural Heritage.Natraj Publishers,Dehradun.pp.219.
  69. Singh P.1985.Environmental Pollution and Management Chugh Publications,Allahabad pp.243.
  70. Sinha,U.K.1986.Ganga:Pollution and Health Hazard.Alka Enterprises,New Delhi.pp.96.
  71. Smith,R.L.1986.Elements of Ecology.Harper and Row Publishers,New York.pp.677.
  72. Smith W.H.1986.Biomass Energy Development.Plenum Press,New York.pp.667.
  73. Teague,R.D.1985.A mannual of Wildlife conservation.Natraj Publishers,Dehradun.pp.206.
  74. Tebbutt,THY,1983.Principles of water quality control.Pergamon press,Oxford,pp.235.
  75. Teller,E.1979.Energy from Heaven and Earth.W.H.Freman and Company San Frensisco.pp.322.
  76. Tietenberg.T.1968.Environmental and Natural Resources Economic.Scott,Foresman & Co.,London.pp.559.
  77. U.S.dept.of te Interior,1986.Water Measurement Manual,Scientific Publishers,Jodhpur.pp.327.
  78. Usher,M.B.1986.Wildlife conservation Evaluation.Chapman and Hall,London.pp.394.
  79. Varshney,A.C.,1987.Rural waste Management Associated Publishing Co.,New Delhi.pp.215.
  80. Varshnery,C.K.1981.Water pollution and Management Reviews.South Asian Publishers Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi.pp.154.
  81. Vimal O.P.and Tyagi,P.D.1984.Energy from Biomass.An Indian Experience.Agricol Publishing Academy,New Delhi.pp.440.
  82. Vimal,O.P.and Tyagi,PP.1986.Fuelwood from wasteland.Yatan publications,New Delhi.pp.376.
  83. Walker,J.M.and Ginfold,E.B.1985.Molecular Biology and Biotechnology.Dorset Press.Dorset.
  84. Wallace,R.A.King.J.Land Sanders,G.P.1984.Biophere:The realm of life.Scott.Foresman and Company.Glenview,Hllinois,London.pp.699.
  85. White,L.P.and Plaskett,L.G.1981.Biomass as fuel.Academic Press,London.pp.211.
  86. World Watch Institute 1981-1982.State of the World.Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi.
  87. WRI,1986.World Resources,1986.Basic Books Inc.,New York pp.353.
  88. Yoxen,E.and Dimartino,V.1989.Biotechnology in Future Society Gower Publishing Co.,USA.pp.147.

POST P.G.DIPLOMA IN HUMAN ECOLOGY

Scheme of Examination
First Division 60% Diploma course will include Four papers.
Second Division 50% It is essential to obtain pass marks in individual papers.

The division will be based upon aggregate marks obtained in all the four papers.
Eligibility for Admission:
Master degree in Social Science,Science,Medical Science.Engineering Law with at least 50% Marks.
Syllabus:
Human Ecology(Duration one year)
Paper I -Man and Environment:
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper II -The Human Ecosystem
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper III -Human Development
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper IV Field Studies
Duration 5 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper I Man and Environment
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :The Human Environment
Unit-2 :Human Health and Environmental Sanitation.
Unit-3 :Human Genetics and Ecological Adaptations.
Unit-4 :Human Culture and Its Environmental Imperatives.
Unit-5 :Environmental Ethics,Education and Awareness:National and International Efforts.
Paper-II :The Human Ecosystems:
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :Fundamental of Ecology and Ecosystems.
Unit-2 :The Urban and the Rural Ecosystems.
Unit-3 :The Forest Ecosystem.
Unit-4 The Arid Zone Ecosystem
Unit-5 :The Mountain Ecosystem.
Paper III :Human Development:
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :The Technological Revolution.
Unit-2 :Natural Resources for Development.
Unit-3 :Development and Environment.
Unit-4 :Environmental Ethics and Human Development.
Unit-5 Eco-politics and Development:The Global and Indian Perspectives.
Paper IV :Field Studies:
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Details of Course
Paper I:Man and Environment:
Unit-1:The Human Environment:The Natural and the built environment of man and his attempt to modify it,impact of human activities on the environment.Environmental problems theatening human existence on earth e.g.air,water,land and noise pollution;global warming;ozone depletion;acid rains;chemical,biological and radiation hazards;ecological diseases;man made and natural disasters.Strategies for management of humanenvironment for survival with dignity.
The biosphere and its"carrying capacity",its biotic and abiotic components;the"carbon","nitrogen",water" and "energy cycles"of the biosphere;the "water crisis"," energy crisis " and the "oxygen crisis" in the biosphere.The disappearing forest and the spreading desert,the eroding soil,the shrinking "biological diversity" and extinction of species;monstrous piling of toxic wastes as on ecological stress on the biosphere.The "biosphere reserves"of India and its ecological significance.
Unit-2:Human Health and Environmental Sanitation:Human diseases resulting from environmental degradation e.g.air,water,noise and radiation pollution;hazardous waste accumulation;creation of artificial water reservoirs and water canals.Revival or air,water and food borne diseases due to environmental insanitation.
Unit-3:Human Genetics and Ecological Adaptations of Survival:Human genetics and heredity,role of heredity and environment in human growth and development.Human genetical disorders and its survival value;behavioral toxicology and humans as bioindicators of pollution.
Unit-4:Human Culture and its Environmental Imperatives:Cultural evolution of man and the impact of human culture on the environment,role of human faith and beliefs and tradition in ecosystem preservation.The environmental impact of the modern human culture and modernisation,the extravagant lifestyle and the culture of "over-consumerism" and "throwaway".The conflict between human "need and "greed" and their impact on ecology.The traditional human culture vis-avis modern culture and their environmental significance.
Unit-5:Environmental Conservation Ethics,Education and Awareness:National and International Efforts:Need for survival oriented system of rules and :ecological code of conduct" governing human behaviors towards environment;change in living habits and life styles of man;reduction in habit of consumerism,judicious consumption of natural resources and minimisation of their criminal waste necessary for survival on earth.
Environmental conservation ehtics in the ancient Indian treaties(Vedas and Upanishads)religion and philosophy;environmental awareness among ancient Indian rulers.
Environmental awareness and education programme-National and International efforts;the role of United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP)and World Health Organisation(WHO).
Paper II:The Human Ecosystem:
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-1:Fundamentals of Ecology and Ecosystems:The ecological principles and factors determining survival of life on earth.The global ecosystem and the place of man in it;human food chain and the energy requirements for the maintanance of human ecosystems on earth.The concept of global "ecological balance" and the threats of its imbalances due to rising human population,mathematical modelling of ecosystem.
Unit-2:The Urban and the Rural Ecosystems:The Urban ecosysstem and its relationships with the rural ecosystem,urban human ecosystem as highly energy intensive and unsustainable,the rural ecosystem as ecologically more sustainable;rural development an ecological necessity;quality of life in the urban and the rural areas of India.
Rapid urbanization as a course in disguise;environmental problems arising form the rapid urban development e.g.air,water and noise pollution,piling of municipal wastes;development of slums;crisis of safe drinking water;loss of fertile land etc.Strategies and policy of ecologically sustainable urbanization and "ecological housing" for the furture.
Unit-3:The Forest Ecosystem:Importance of forest and wildlife for human welfare and survival;the forest and wildlife wealth of India and the threat of their destruction under population pressure;the economic and ecological consequences of deforestation.The afforestation plan and policy and wildlife conservation policy in India with special reference to Rajasthan.
Ecology of the forest dwellers the "tribals" of India,their economic and ecological legacies to the modern human civilization.
Unit-4:The Arid Zone Ecosystem:The hot and cold arid zones of India with special references to "The Thar Desert" of Rajasthan and the cold desert of Ladakh;the ecological problems of the people living in the arid zones and the strattegies of survival in the inhospitable conditions.The problems of "desertification" in the world with special reference to Thar Desert in India,and strategies for the control.The advent of Indira Gandhi Canal in Rajasthan desert-its positive and negative ecological impacts.
Unit-5:The Mountain Ecosystem:The Himalayan and Nilgiri ecosystems of India and the ecological problems of the people living on hign altitudes,the strategies and ecological adaptations of survival on high altitudes.The threat to the Himalyan and the Nilgiri ecosystem due to biotic pressure and invasion of tourism industries.
Paper III:Human Development
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-1:The Technological Revolution:The technological revolution Industrilization,Motorization and Farmization as "mixed blessing" for making its positive and negative impacts on man and environment "Green Revolution" in India,its economic and ecological consequences.The need for environmentally benign "no waste" or "low waste" and "waste recycling technologies,for human development.The man-made and man-induced technological and environmental disasters in world e.g.Chernobyl disaster and the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and their impact on human ecology.
Unit-2:Natural Resources for Development:The "renewable" "non-renewable", "perpetual" and "potential" resources of earth;threat of their depletion and the ecological problems involved in their harnessing for human development.Searth for the renewable and non-polluting alternatives sources of energy e.g.solar,wind,coal,geo-thermal,biomass energy and the hydrogen fuel.Need for judicious consumption and conservation of natural resources and search for suitable"alternatives", the environmental principle of 3 Rs. "reduction", "reuse" and "recycling" with regard to natural resource consumption as the golden rule of survival,waste as a potential resource and waste recycling essential for resource conservation;the economic and ecological benefits of waste recycling.
Unit-3:Development an Environment:The dilemma of human development-economic development vis-vis ecological destruction,need for a judicious balance between "economy and ecology". System of "environmental auditing and accounting" for development projects;Environmental Impact Assesment (EIA)and Social Impact Assessment(SIA)for all development projects.
The Brundtland Commission Report on "Our Common Future" (1987)and the concept of sustainable Development Strategies for Sustainable Industrialisation,Farmization,Urbanization and Motorization through Eco-industries,Eco-farming, Eco-housing and Eco-automobiles.Generation of non-polluting and renewable source of energy as a catalyst for Sustainable development.
Unit-4:Environmental Ethics Guiding Human Development:The ecological and moral principles involved in "development" without destruction" and the Gandhian ideology for "need based" and "equitable" development for India.Economic development strategies in India since Independence,various developmental projects in India and the ecological problems arising from thjem,the problems of the victims of maldevelopment" i.e.the displace and the uprooted people as the "ecological refugees". Man-made planned developmental disasters in India with special reference to Tehri,Narmada,Silent Valley,Doon Valley,Sariska and Naryan Sarovar mining projects.The ecologically fragile areas in India and their developmental problems.
Unit-5:Eco-Politics and Development:The Global and India Perspectives:The interlinked national and international environmental issue of development.The ecological status of the developed,developing and the under-developed nations and the responsioility of the rich and developed nations towards environmental degradation.Eco-olitis with regard to global distribution of natural resources,inequities in its consumption.provision for "Eco-Fund" for environmental cleaning.Important International "eco-political conferences" environmental declarations and protocols for global environmental protection vis-s-vis economic development.The Stockholm Conference on Human Environment and development(1992),their achievements and failures.
Paper IV:Field Studies
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

The community need based Human Ecological problems will be selected one by each candidate and report will be prepared.The number of pages should not be more than 100.
Study Tour:
Mandatory participation of student in Human Ecology and Environment related tours organized by Centre/Deptt.
Suggested Readings:
  1. Diwan A.P. and Arora D.K.1995,Human Ecology Anmol Publication Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi.
  2. Dubey,R.M.1992,Human Ecology and Environmental Education,Chaugh Publications,Allahabad.
  3. Goudie,Andrew.The Human Impact.
  4. Husain Maxia,1994 Human Geography,Rawat Publication,Jaipur.
  5. Johnston,R.J.Ed.1986 Dictionary of Human geography,National Publication,New Delhi.
  6. Malik,S.L.and Bhattacharya D.K.1986,Aspects of Human Ecology,Northern Book Center,New Delhi.
  7. Mishra,R.P and Bhooshan,B.S.1979.Human Settlements in Asia.Public,Polices and programmes Haritage publisher,New Delhi.
  8. Nathawat,G.S.1985,Human Ecology,An Indian perspective,Indian Human Ecology Council,Jaipur.
  9. Russel,Bartrand,1976,Impact of Science of society Unwin,Publisher,Indian.(paper back).
  10. Sinha Rajiv,1996,Cobal Biodiversity Ina.,Shri publication,Jaipur.
  11. Sinha Rajiv K.,1994,Development without Desertrction Environmentalist,Jaipur.
  12. Sinha Rajiv K.,1996.Environmental Crises and Human at Risk,In A Shri Publication,Jaipur.
  13. Smith,Dlanne,1984.Urban Ecology,George Allen,London.
  14. Swarnkar,R.C.1985,Indian Tribes.Printwell publisher,Jaipur.
  15. Tivy,Joy and O'Hugegreg,1985.Human Impact on the Ecosystem Edinburgh George Allen Boyd.
  16. United Nations Development Report,1996,Human Development Report,1996.Oxford University Press,Delhi.
  17. Vannathony & Rogers Paul,1974,Human Ecology and World Development,Flehum Press,New York.

POST P.G. DIPLOMA IN POPULATION ECOLOGY

Scheme of Examination
First Division 60% Diploma course will include Four papers.
Second Division 50% It is essential to obtain pass marks in individual papers.

The division will be based upon aggregate marks obtained in all the four papers.
Eligibility for Admission:
Master degree in Social Science,Science,Medical Science,Engineering,Law with at least 50% marks.
Syllabus:
Paper I :The Ecology of Human Population
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper II :Population Growth and Resource Development
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper III Population Control Planning and Policies
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper IV Field Studies
Duration 5 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Paper I :Ecology of Human Population
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :Concept of Ecology
Unit-2 :Ecological Impact of Population Growth
Unit-3 :The Demographic Profile of Human Population
Unit-4 :Fertility Behavior and Mortiality Rate
Unit-5 :Population Genetics
Paper-II :Population Growth and Resource Development
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :Global Population Growth and Quality of Life
Unit-2 :Population Growth-The Indian Scenario
Unit-3 :Ecological Economics of Population Growth
Unit-4 Population and Resource
Unit-5 :Population,Poverty and Population
Paper III :Population Control,Planning and Policies
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36
Unit-1 :Population Education and Awareness
Unit-2 :Population Control-The Socio-Economic Factors
Unit-3 :Population Control-The Bio-Medical Factors
Unit-4 :Population Planning and Policies
Unit-5 Population Control Laws
Paper IV :Field Studies:
Paper-I :The Ecology of Human Population
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-1:Concept of Ecology:Ecology and the concept of human ecosystem;components of ecosystem;role of human beings in the global ecosystem,human food chain.Growing human population-a threat to the global ecological balance;ecological factors affecting human existence on earth.
Unit-2:Ecological Impact of Population Growth:The human "Population bomb" impact of growing human population of the life support systems of Earth e.g. air,water,land soil flora and fauna.Ecological Pyramids of number and biomass and the impact of human population explosion on the global ecosystem;relationship between population,poverty and pollution;impact of population on human health and environmental sanitation.
Unit-3:Demographic Profile:Current trends of population growth;population distribution,density and composition;population projections for the future;rural and the urban population and quality of life,migration of population-causes and consequences.
Unit-4:Fertility Behavior and Mortality Rate:Determinants of fettility and mortality,indicators of fertility,measurements of morality,life expectancy and longevity;crowding behavior-social and psychological aspects.
Unit-5:Population Genetics:Human genetics,blood groups and Rh factors,fitness characteristics;genetical adaptions among primitive human societies(tribal population).Heterosis;inbreeding depression;social factors promoting hybridization,genetical disorders among human population;behavioral genetics.
Paper II:Population Growth and Resource Development
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-1:Global population Growth and Quality of Life:Status of world human population;developing and the developed nations and their population problems;Population growth,economic development and the quality of life in the developing and the developed countries;Population growth curves of human beings and other species on earth.
Unit-2:Population Growth-The Indian Perspective:Growth of population in india-pre and post independence scenario;sex ratio;distribution of Population in India and the Population density.
Unit-3:Ecological-Economics of population Growth:Ecology Vs Economy-the concept of sustainable development with regard to growing human population;socio-economic impact of population explosion and their ecological consequences.
Unit-4:Population and Resources:The finite natural resources(minerals and materials)of earth vis-a-vis the infinitely growing human population,the world food resources vis-a-vis the growing human population quality of food,maenutrition and deficiency diseases with special references to the developing countries.
Unit-5:Population,Poverty and Pollution:The relationship between population growth,increase in poverty and rise of pollution-the 3 P syndrome and the vicious circle.
Paper III:Population Control Planning and Policies
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Unit-1:Population Education and Awareness:Need of population education and awareness,and their objectives;Population education in India-achievements and failures.
Unit-2:Population Control-The Socio-Economic Factors:Theories of population control;family planning and family welfare programme in India;socio-economic prosperity as a key factor in population control.
Unit-3:Population Control-The Biomedical Factors:The mechanical and oral contraceptives and devices of fertility control and prevention of birth;sterilization and immunization;herbal contraceptives and anti-fertility plants.
Unit-4:Population planning and policies:Population policies of developed and developing countries with special reference to China and Islamic countires;one and two child norms;population planning and policies of India since independence;the socio-political and religious aspects of compulsory sterilization;percepective of population planning for the future.
Unit-5:Population Control Laws:The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)Act,1971 for legalising abortion;population control laws with special reference to China and Islamic countries.
Paper IV:Field Studies
Duration 3 hrs. Max.Marks 100 Min.Pass Marks 36

Community need based Population Ecology related problems will be selected one by each candidate and a report not exceeding 100 pages is to be prepared.
Study Tour:
Mandatory Partcipation of students in Population Ecology and Environment related tours organized by Centre/Deptt.
Suggested Readings
  1. Bhantani Smita,Demographic dynamism in India,New Delhi Discovery publishing house.
  2. Christiansen,F.B.& Feldonen,M.W.,1986 Population Genetics.Blackwell Scientific publication.
  3. Cox. P.R.1979,Demography Vikas publication,New Delhi.
  4. Enrich,1990.The population Explosion Hutchinson Indian.
  5. Gillett;J.,1988 Urban and Rural Geography longman's Group London.
  6. Gupta,D.,1984,Crowded Earth W.W.Norton Eco.,New York.
  7. Kaldati,Sudhla & Joshi,B.L.1989,Slums and Housing problems print well,Jaipur.
  8. Kammyyen,Kenneth,C.W.,1987,Introduction to population Chicago Dorry Presses.
  9. Lok Sabha Secretariat,1986.Population and family policy.Lok Sabha Secretariat.
  10. Mehta,A.C.,1996.Population projection,sub National Dimensions.Common Wealth publication.
  11. Qum,E.P.1983 Basic Ecology,Saunders College publication,New York.
  12. Patel Tulsi,1994,Fertility Behaviour,Oxford University press,Bombay.
  13. Prabhakara,N.R.and Usha M.N.Population,Growth and unemployment in India.
  14. Salk,Jones and Salk Jondthan 1981 World population and Human values.A new Reality,Harpar,& Raw New York.
  15. Singh,U.K.& Sudarshan,K.N.,1996,Population Education,Discovery publication House,New Delhi.
  16. Sinha,V.C. & Jacharia E.,1984,,Elesnents of Demography Allied publication Pvt.Ltd.
  17. Srivastava,O.S.Text book of Demography Vikas Publication House,New Delhi.
  18. Thakur Devendra Ed.Demography agrasion problems and Sociat unrest 'Deepand Deep.'New York.
  19. Wilson,C.,1984.Dictionary of Demography Paris Black Well.

POST-GRADUATE DIPLOMA COURSE IN ORNITHOLOGY & WILDLIFE.

Scheme of Examination
The Diploma Course shall be of one year's duration.There will be four theory and two days practical examination,at the end of each academic session,according to the scheme given below:
S.No. Title of Paper Duration Marks
Max. Min.
1. Classfication of Birds and Indian Avifauna 3 hours 100 36
2. Avian Ecology and Behaviour 3 hours 100 36
3. Wildlife 3 hours 100 36
4. Applied Ornithology and Wildlife Conservation 3 hours 100 36
Practical :Day 1 Lab work 4 hours 200 72
Day 2 Field work 5 hours

Note:Each theory paper will consist of 10 questions.The candidates are required to attempt 5 questions.All questions will carry equal marks.
Paper-I:classification of Birds and Study of Indian Avifauna
  1. Ornithology:meaning and scope.
  2. Definition and systematic position of Birds.
  3. A preliminary idea about origin and evolution of birds.
  4. Topography of a bird,learning terminology used in description.
  5. Classification of birds upto orders(with special reference to bird orders and represented in India)and the characters used for the identification of birds,both in field and in the laboratory.
  6. Classification of India avifauna upto family level(including migratory species visiting India)and characters for identification in the field.
  7. Study of habits,habitat,distribution,breeding and general habits of some common Indian species from the following orders:
  1. Podicipediformers
  2. Pelecaniformes
  3. Ciconiiformes
  4. Anseriformes
  5. Falconiformes
  6. Galliformes
  7. Gruiformes
  8. Charadriformes
  9. Columbiformes
  10. Psittaciformes
  11. Cuculiformes
  12. Strigiformes
  13. Apodiformes
  14. Coraciformes
  15. Piciformes
  16. Passeriformes

Paper II:Avian Ecology and Behaviour:
  1. Habitat and niche selection,ecological isolation of species and habitat,requirement,avoidance of inter specific competition.
  2. Basic anatomical and physiological adaptations of birds their Bille,legs,claws wings and flight,plumage,moulting,coloration and camouflage.
  3. Sexual dimorphism,differences and coloraion and other characters with age and seasons,phenomenon of color phases.
  4. Behavioral adaptations of birds,breeding seasons,mating system,courtship and displays,clutch size and color of eggs.Nesting habits and nest architecture and sita selection,Brood parasitism.
  5. Intraspacific relationships;Solitary,Gregarious and social organization.Territoriality and coloniality.
  6. Population ecology:Potential rates of multiplication and population size regulation.
  7. Feeding ecology and foraging behaviour,locating and searching fodd,selection of food species,site of feeding,capaturing and subduing food.
  8. Intraspecific communication and vocalization.
  9. Ecology of bird migration:natural selection an migration.

Paper III:Study of Wildlife
  1. Mammals.
    1. Classification upto orders.
    2. Study of Indian mammals,general and breeding habits,status and distribution.
    3. Representative mammelian types of various zoo-geographical realms.
  2. Reptiles.
    1. classification
    2. Study of snakes,lizards,crocodiles and chelonials of India(General and breeding habits status and distribution.)
  3. Arimentery idea about classification of amphibia and study of common amphibian species of India.
  4. Alimentary idea about classification of major invertebrate phyla such as Arthropoda,Mollusca and Echinodermate.
  5. Wildlife policy and legislation in India.
  6. Conservation of wildlife:Special projects,national perks and wildlife sanctuaries,institutes and NGO's.

Paper IV:Economic Technology and Wildlife Conservation
  1. Nature,study and birdwetching:Advantages,pleasures and hazesds,Methods of studying animals in the field.
  2. Animal evidences in the field:
    1. Direct sightings
    2. Cells and songs
    3. Droppings
    4. Shed feathers
    5. Skeletone
    6. Nests
    7. Egg/egg shells
    8. Marking and foraging siens.
  3. Population estimation and census techniques,evevival rates.
  4. Methods of capturing,marking and ringing birds and other animals for study(scope,hazards and precautions).
  5. Sex recurgition and age estimation.
  6. Economic Ornithology:
    1. Positive role of birds in nature and conservation strategy for doncerned species.
    2. Demage caused by birds to agricultural crops,fruits,stored foodgreing.Assessment of demage and control measures.
    3. Bird hezards to aircraft and demage caused to human property,Management of problem birds.
    1. Helping threetened species survive,provisions of nesting/breeding boxes/sites,food and feeding devices and reducing predation losses.
    2. Captive breeding of endangered species for conservation.

PRACTICAL WORK
  1. Field Work
    1. Aids to wildlife studies:Binoculars,Telescopes,Camera,sound recorders,hides etc.
    2. Method of taking observation.
    3. Identification of bird and other animal species in the field.
    4. Capturing and handling of birds for study,finging marking etc.
    5. Avifauna checklist.
    6. Census of animals and birds.
    7. Study of bird behaviour.
    8. Indirect observation and collection.
    9. Domonstration of various types of devices in management of problem birds,scaring sournds,guns,crackers,ribbons,scare crow etc.and study of their effectiveness.
  2. Workshop work.
    1. Preparation of nest boxes.
    2. Preparation of hides.
    3. Preparation of feeding and observation platforms.
    4. Preparation of stuffed birds.
  3. Identification of birds with the help of keys.
  4. Dissections:
    1. Morphometry.
    2. Dissection of various systems of birds and mammals.
  5. Embryology
    1. Study of slides of chick embryo
    2. Preparation of permanent slide of embryo.
  6. Osteology.
    1. Study of articulated skeleton of some birds and mammals.
    2. Study of disarticulated bones.
  7. Histology :Histological slides of various organs.
  8. Study of museum specimens.
  9. Project work:Project work will be given to each student/group of students by staff members.This may include study of flora or fauna,study of behavior,report writing,preparation of charts or models,systematic collection etc.
  10. Local excursions,field trips,nature walks etc.
  11. Excursion or educational tour to any wildlife resort or institute or museum related to wildlife and ornithological research,conservation,management etc.and preparation of report of the same.
(The candidaates are required to submit class work file,field reports,collections(if any)project work report and report of study tour at the time of examination).

P.G.Diploma in Statistical Applications
Eligibility for admission:Graduate degree in any discipline of any recognized university.
This course shall be of one year's duration.There shall be 3 (three)theory papers and one practical paper.The theory papers shall carry 100 marks each and will be of 3 (three)hours duration.The practical paper shall be of four hours duration and shall carry 100 marks of which 15 and 15 marks shall be allotted to the viva-voce and practical record respectively.
Paper 1:Mathematical Analysis:Fundamental relationship between two variables,polynomials,exponential and logarithmic functions,A.P.,G.P and H.P.,Permutation and Combination.Differentiation of standard forms,maxima and minima of functions.
Difference operators,Newton-Gregory's forward and backward,interpolation with equal and unequal intervals,Lagrange's interpolation formula,Numerical Differentiation,methods to get numerical differentiation of function,divided difference formula.Linear programming problems and their formulations.Methods of solving LPP by graphical and simplex methods.Use of slack and surplus variables.Duality in LPP.Use of Statistical software package like SYSTAT,MINITAB,SPSS etc.
Statistical Methods:Definition,scope,history,importance and limitation of statistics,Data collection,Classification and tabulation of data,Measures of Central Tendency such as A.M,G.M.,H.M., Median,Mode,their merits and demerits.Measures of dispersion(Range,quartiles,percentiles,standard deviation and co-efficient of variation),Moments,Measure of skewness and kurtosis.
Mathematical probability,definitions,probability by direct enumeration,theorem of total and compound probability.Idea of mathematical expectation.Binomial-poisson and Normal distributi9ons.
Curve fitting,correlation and regression,rank rorrelation,partial and multiple correlations,Independence and associationof attributes.Test of goodness of fit.Test of significance based on t,F and 2.Simple nonparametric tests.
Analysis of variance and covariance with one way and two way classifications,concept of multivariate analysis,factor analysis,discriminant analysis.
Paper III.Applied Statistics:Construction and use of index numbers,system of weighting,important formulae of index numbers,whole sale price index numbers,cost of living index.
Components of time series.Determination of trend and seasonal component. Collection of demographic data,rates of vital events,measurement of mortality,crude death rate,specific death rate,fertility,C.B.R., G.F.R., total fertility rate,gross and net reproduction rate,description and uses of life tables,sampling,method,simple random sampling stratified random sampling,cluster sampling,two stage sampling.
Design of experiments,completely randomised design,randomised block design,Latin square design,factorial experiments. Statistical quality control charts,charts for measurements of variables and attributes.
Note:Emphasis of this course is to be given on the applications not on derivations.
Paper IV:Practicalsbased on Paper I,II and III.

One Year P.G. Diploma In REMOTE SENSING AND GIS.
Syllabus-Papers and their contents
Paper-1
Basic of Remote Sensing-Principles and Concepts
1.0 Introduction to Remote Sensing
2.0 Basic Principles of Remote Sensing
3.0 Remote Sensing observation platforms
4.0 Remote Sensing System and sensors
5.0 Types of Remote Sensing image
6.0 Thermal Remote Sensing
7.0 Micro-wave Remote Sensing
Paper-2
Digital Image Processing
1.0 Digital Remote Sensing
2.0 Concept of images
3.0 Digital image histogram
4.0 Image Preprocessing
    4.1 Radiometric errors
    4.2 Geometric errors
5.0 Image Enhancement
    5.1 Contrast manipulations
    5.2 Spatial feature manipulation
    5.3 Multi image manipulation
6.0 Image classification
    6.1 Supervised classification
    6.2 Unsupervised classification
    6.3 Fuzzy classification
    6.4 Neural net classification
    6.5 Knowledge based classification
    6.6 Classification accuracy assessment

Paper-3 Gepgraphical Information System and Global Positioning System (GPS)
3.1 Fundamentals of GIS
3.2 Spatial data modelling
3.3 GIS data management
3.4 Data input and editing
3.5 Data Quality issues
3.6 Data analysis and modelling
3.7 Integration of Remote sensing and GIS
3.8 Global positioning system (GPS)
Paper-4
Remote Sensing Applications
4.1 Geology,Geomorphology and Ground water potential
4.2 Soil and Agriculture
4.3 Landuse Urban & Rural
4.4 Watershed Management and water Resource application
4.5 Forestry and Environment
4.6 Disaster Management
4.7 Integrated studies and sustainable Development planning
4.8 Change detection and impact assessment studies
4.9 Coastal and Ocean applications
Paper-5
Project Work:-A candidate has to write a project report based on the analysis satellite date and using GIS/GPS techniques to address any local study/problem from the above mentioned themes in paper IV.
Marking Scheme
Paper I-100
Paper II-100
Paper III-100
Paper IV-100
Two term papers 40 marks each=80 (20 marks for write up+20 seminar of each term paper) A literature survey (write up) =20 will be carried by the candidate in report form. Paper V-100 Written Dissertation examination=60 Viva-voce examination by external examiner =40
References
Burrough,P.A.,1986,Principles of Geographical Information System for Land Resources Assessment.Clarendon Press,Oxford.
Uurran.,P.J.,1988,Principles of Remote sensing.ELBS.,pp 282.
Clarke.,K.C.,1990,Analytical and computer cartography,prentice Hall,Englewood cliffs N.J.
Curran.,P.,1989,Map storage on CD-ROM Byte Magazine,Vol,12,No.8,pp.129-138
Demers.,M.N.,1999,Fundamentals of Geography Information system,second Editon,John Wiely and sons,Inc.
Elachi.,C.,1987,Introduction to the physics and Techniques of Remote sensing wiely,New York.
Fungy.,A.K.,1996,Remote sensing for Environmental coiono (Ed.E.Scandal)Spring verlag,Beden.
Gnzalez,R.C.,and Wintz,P.1977,digital Image Processing and Recognition Addison-Wesely Publishing Company.Reading Massachusetts,pp 123-6
Gonzalez,R.C.,and Wintz,P.1983.Digital Image processing,Addison wesely Publishing Company.California,Chapter 4,pp 140-205.
Goodchild.,M.F.,1980,Fractals and the Accuracy of Geographical Measures,Mathematical Geology,12,pp.85-98.
Hall,E.L.,1978,Computer Image Processing and Recognition,Academic Press,New York,Chapter 4,pp 159-84.
Healy,R.G.,1991,Geographical Information System Principles and Applications,Maguire,D.J.,et al (eds),Longman scientific and Technical,England,pp239-267.
Lan Heywood,Sarah Cornelins and Steve Carver,1988,An Introduction to Geographical Information System,Longman,England.
Jenson,J.R.,1983,Education Image Processing;An overview photogrammetric Enginering and Remote sensing.vol.49,pp 1151-7
Jenson,J.R.,1986,Introduction to Digital image processing,Prentice-Hall.Englewood,Cliff,New Jersey,Chapter 7,pp 117-76.
Laurini.,R.Thompson.,D 1992;Fundamentals of Spatial Information systems,Academic press,London.
Leachy,C.,1987,Introduction to the physics and techniques of Remote sensing,New York,Wiley.
Lillesand.,T.M. and R.W.Keifer 1997,1994,and 2000,Remote sensing and Image Interpretation.John Wiley and sons,New York.
Mathur,P.M.,1987,Computer Processing of Remotely sensed Images:An Introduction,John Wiley & Sons,35p.
McDonell.,R. and Kemp.,K.,1995,International GIS Dictionary,Geoinformation International,London.
Pratt,W.K.,1978,Digital Image Processing.John Wiley & Sons.New York,pp 201-344.
Rees.,W.,1990,The Physical Principles of Remote sensing,Combridge University Press,Cambridge.U.K.
Reeves.,R.G.,1997,Manual of Remote sensing,American Society of Photogrammertry.