B.Sc. Biotechnology

	Microbiology		Agriculture And Forest Biotechnology
	Cell Biology		Environmental Biotechnology
	Molecular Biophysics		Plant Secondary Metabolites
	Development Biology		Production Of Recombinant Molecules
	Immunology		Industrial Biotechnology
	Instrumentation and computer course		Genome Analysis
	Energy Resources And Utilization		Plant Biotechnology
	Biochemistry I		Animal Biotechnology
	Thermodynamics Of Biological Systems		Medical Biotechnology
	Molecular Genetics		Fundamentals Of Bioinformation And Nanotechnology
	Diary And Food Technology		Plant Tissue Culture And Biotechnology
	Bioresource And Waste Management		Professional Communication Skills
	Biochemistry - II		Industrialization And Entrepreneurship
			Disseration Based On Lab And Field Work

MICROBIOLOGY

BT 101
Note : Question No. 1 shall consist of question requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper.
The paper is divided into four sections. Students are required to attempt five question in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks

Section A

General introduction : Microbial diversity and taxonomy. Prokaryotes. Types of Microorganisms.
Classification : Haeckel's three kingdom concept, Whitakers five kingdom concept . Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, Basic Concept in Taxonomy
Characteristics and structure of microbes:Alage, fungi,mycoplasma, Viruses Protozoanes and Helminthes

Section B

Bacteriology :Morphology and ultra structure of bacterio-morphological types, Cell Wall-Archaebacteria, gram negtive ,grma positive, Structure and function of cilis chromosome,carboxysomes, plasmids, Bacterial spores, structure,formation and germination.
Diversity of bacterial nutriton: Autotrophics,heterorophic,bacterial genetics plasmids nonconjugatives,metabolizable,resistance

Section C

Gene transfer in bacteria : Conjugation, transformation, transduction.
Growth microbial population : Batch culture of microbes, Simple continuous culture of microbes,growth curve aerobic and anaerobic growth,effect of environment on microbial growth: temperature,pH, radiation and atmosphere.
Enumeration of microbes:Cluture media, total cell count isolation,classification and identification of microbes,bacteria-selective culture technique,fungi-culture techniques, virus-plaque assays,animal culture,tissue culture.

Section D

Microbial Metabolism : Metabolic pthways and bioenergetics,production of secondery metabolites and their application in industry microbial products.
Food Microbiology: Overall general idea, spoilage & preservation.
Environmental Microbiology: Recycling of biomaterials production of Biogas.Leaching ones by microorganisms, bio fertilisers, bio pesticide,pollution control through use of consortium of microorganisms
Book :

Microbial Physiology, 4th ed. by Alber G.Moat & John W.Foster Wileyliss.
Microbiology by Pelczar M.J. Chan ECS & Krieg NR-Tata McGraw Hill.
Foundation in Microbiology by Talaro K, Talaro A, Cassida Plezar and Reid W.C.Brown Pub.
Microbiology by nester
General Microbiology by R.Y. Stanier
General Microbiology by predcott.
General Microbiology by Brock.
Food Microbiology by Frazier

Other Books

Introductory Microbiology .F.C. Ross,Columbus Charles E. Metrill.

Modern Concept of Microbiology H.D. Kumar and S Kumar Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.

Microbiology: M.J. Pelczar ,C.E.C. Sun and N.R. Krieg, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi

Microbiology :K.L. Burdon and R.P Williams, Mcmillan Worth Publishers

Microbiology B.D. Davis et al. Harper and row Publishers.

Microbiology E.W. Nester et al. Sunders International edition .

Principles of fermentation Technology : P.F. Stanbury and A Whittaker , Pegamon Press.

Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology : A.J. Salle, Tata McGraw Hill

Practical Based on theory

CELL BIOLOGY

Note : Question No 1 shall consist of questions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper. The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selectiong not more than one questions from each section. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A

The Cell structural Organisation : Development of cell theory, Eukaryotic cells, the mucleus and cell cycle (Mitosis and meiosis). The ultra structure of the cytoplasmic reticulum & Golgi complex,membrane organelles, mitochondria, chloroplast, lysosome , peroxisomes.

Section B

Transport Across Cell Memberance :Molecular organization of cell membrane, passive and active transport, Na-K pump,Ca²⁺ATPase pumps, Lysosmal and Vacuolar membrane ATP dependent proton pumps, Co-transport into prokaryotic cells, endocytosis and exocytosis, entry of viruses and toxins into cells.
Receptors and models of extra cellular signalling : Cytosolic, nuclear and membrance bound receptors, examples of receptors, autocrine,paracrine and endocrine model of action.

Section C

Single Tranduction: Singal amplification, different model of signal amplifications, cyclic AMP,role of inositol phosphatase messangers, Biosynthesis of inositol triphosphatases, cyclic GMP and Glycoproteins in signal tranduction, Calcium models of signal amplification, phosphorylation, three dimensional cultures.
Book :

Cell & Molecular Biology by De Robertis, Lea and Febiger

Cell & Molecular Biology by H.Baltimore, WH Freeman

Cell & Biology by Kimball T.W. Wesley Pub.

MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS

BT- 103
Note : Question No. 1 shall consist of question requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper. The Paper is divided into four section. Student are required to attemtp five questions in all selecting not more than one questions from each section. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A

Introduction : Levels of molecular organization, Amino acids, Electroylytes, Composition of primary structures of proteins. Nucleic acids.
Structure of Carbohydrates, Lipids, cofactors, vitamins and hormones.

Section B

Ramachandran or steric contour diagram and potential energy calculation of proteins, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions. ionic interactions, dissulphide bonds and their role in protein structure.
Secondery Structural elements and organization of tertiary structure of porteins, helix-coil transition and zipper model, method for structural elucidation, X-ray crystallography.
General features and thermodynamic aspects or protein folding.

Section C

General characteristics of nucleic acid structure, backbone rotation angles and steric hindrances, conformational properties of bases, stabilizing order forms stacking interactions, A,B,and type doublehelices.
TRNA structure, tetriay structure,higher organization of DNA, protein nucleic, studies of bilayer structure and function, order disorder transitions.

Section D

Interforces transport across membranes (the Nerst Planks approach end rate theory of transport).
Photochemical and photobiological phenomena, mechanism of photosynthesis, vision,absorption and fluorescene
Text/Reference :

C.R. Cantor and P.R. Schermer, Biophysical chemistry (Parts 1 and 3). W.H. Freeman, 1980).
G.Schuiz and R H Shrimer, Principles of Protein Structure Spnnger Verlag,1984
W. Saenger, Principles of Nucleic acid Structure.
B L. Siler, Physical Chemistry of mamberanes: An Introduction to the structure and dynamics of biological membranes Allen and Unviks and the Solomon Press, 1985.

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

BT-201
Note : Question No 1 shall consist of questions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper. The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selectiong not more than one questions from each section. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A

Plant development, plant versus animal development, development of plant embryo, development of seeding, shoot apex organization vegetative and floral apex, root, shoot,leaf and flower development Programmed cell death,ageing and senescence.

Section B

Genes and their role in devlopment, signal tranduction in development, cell division cycle, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix:
Unicellular models, sporulation in Bacillus subtilis,mating type switching in yeast aggregation and culmination in Dicyostelium discordeum

Section C

Sex gametes and fertilization, germ line speciation, germ cell migration, gametogenesis, gastrulation in invertebrate and vertebrate,cell, lineage, Axis specification in vertebrates, fate of ectoderm,measoderm and endoderrn.

Section D

Cell differentiation mechanism and factors affecting it developmental gradient in hydra, axial gradients in Drosophild development.Orgaogenesis in invertebrates and vertebrates.
Books :
R M. Twyman 2001 Development Biology. Viva Books private Ltd. New Delhi
Gilbert S. 1997 Development Biology, 6th edition, seneaur Associate
Inc. Slack JMV 1991, From egg to embryo, Second edition Cambridge University Press U.K.
Wolpert L. 1997 Principles of Development. Oxford Unversity Press. Oxford University.

IMMUNOLOGY

BT - 202
Note : Question No 1 shall consist of questions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper. The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selectiong not more than one questions from each section. All questions carry equal marks.

Section - A

1. Historical Background : Humoral and Cellular components of the immune system.Innate Immunity. Skin and mucosal surface, Physiological Barriers,Phagocytic Barrers,Inflammation, Adaptic immunity. Immune Dysfunction and its consequences; Allergy and Asthma,
2. Cells and Organs of Immune System :Lymphoid cells: Stem cells, B and T Lymphocytes, Natural killer cells, Mononuclear phagocytes. Granulocytic cells.
Organs. Thymus Bone Marrow,Lymphatic System, Lymph nodes spleen

Section -B

1. Antigens-Antibody Interaction : Antigenss Structure, properties, types, Epitopes, Haptens, Antibodies:Structure and function
Antibody mediated functions
Antibody classes and biological Activites
Monoclonal Anibodies
Antigen-Antibody Interaction :
Preciptation reaction
Agglutination
Radioimmunoassay ;ELSIA
western Blotting
Major Histocompatibility Complex
General Stucture and function of MHC
MHC Molecules and genes
Antigen Processing and presentation
T-Cell receptors
T-Cell Maturation and Differentitation
B-Cell Generation, Activation & Differentiation

Section C

3. Immune Effector Mechanism Cytokinesis (Properties,receptors,antagnoists & secretion) The complent system (functions, components, aciation regulation and deficiencies.
Cell mediated effector responses : Cytotoxics T-Cells, natural killed cells, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicty.
Inflammation Hypersensitive reaction (Type I,II,III and displayed type(DTH).

Section D

Immunology in Health & Disease viral, bacterial and protozoan Vaccines AIDS and other immunodeficiencies
Transplantation and Autoimmunity : Orange specific autoimmune diseases,systemic autoimmune diseases.Graft refelection, evidence and mechanism of graft rejection prevention of graft rejection, immunosuppressive drugs, hla and diseases,mechanism of immunity to tumor antigens.Autoimmune in human pathogenic mechanism , experimental models of autoimmundence disease ,treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Reference Books :

Roitt, I, Essential immunology, Blackwell Se Pub. Oxford. III ed.
Benjamin E and Leskowitz S. Immunology a short course Wiley Liss NY, to 1991
Richard A. Goldshy et.al. Immunology, 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman and Ce., NY 2003.
Pravesh C.Sen Gupta, Clinical Immunology. Oxford India, 2003, (2 vols.).
Kuby J. Immunology, II ed (1994) W.H. Freeman and Co. NY
Klans D.Elgret (1996), Immunology-understanding of immune System. Wiley-Liss.NY
Topley and Wilson's (1995) Text Book on Principles of Bacteriology,virology and immunology, IX Ed. Edward Arnold, London.

INSTRUMENTATION AND COMPUTER COURSE

BT 203 :
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section - A

General principles; buffers,electroanalytical methods: potentiometric and conductometric;photometry;
Nature and stability of biochemical metabolites,physical/chemical/biological techniques metablites, physical/chemical/biological techniques used in assay of biotechnology products, Principels and application of analytical instruments in biotechnology.

Section - B

Chromatographic methods of separationgel permeation, ion exchange,reverse phase and affinity chromatrography, HPLC and FPLC:
Centrifugation; radiotracer technique, gel, electrophoresis techniques.

Section - C

Analysis of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid, biosensor and diagnostics. On line bioprocess instrumentation and computer aided analysis.

Section - D

Basic of computer: Programming,language C.
Workong Knowledege of window 1997 onwords, Windows 2003. Excel, Powerpoint Presentations. Use of scanners for preparation of reports.
Internet awareness. Conversant with e Journals and books. Retrieval of electronic resources through Internet.
Texts/References:

D.Holem and H.Peck; Analytical Biochemistry. Longmam, 1983
T.G. Cooper ; The Tools of Blochemistry.Wiley Inter-Science. 1997
R. Scopes, Portein Purification : Principels and Practices Springer Verlag 1982
Selected reading from methods in Enzymology, Academic Press.
Mano, M.M. Computer System Architecture 2nd prentics Hall of India, New Delhi
Dhamdhere,D.M.,"Introduction to System Software, Tata McGraw Hill,New Delhi

ENERGY RESOURCES AND UTILIZATION

BT - 301
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section - A

Introduction : Nature : crude and bio-crude,Synthetic fuels and their manufacture, Bio-fuels and their synthesis History Properties of coal, Agriwaste as bio-fuels. Briquetiing
Environmental audit. Carbon sequestration. Carbon credits.

Section - B

Gasifrom Coal: Gasification technologies, Steam/Oxygen and Stem /Air Gasification; Hydrogasification and Catalytic gasification Underground Gasification.

BiofuielsBiomass production, Biofuel resource production and improvement of biofuels,Solid, liquid biofuels,hydrocarbons from plants, biodiesel, bio-ethanol, non-edidble oils as bio-fuel resources. Euro I,II,III standards of the fuel.

Section - C
Conversion Fundamentals : Pyrolysis including vacuum pyrolysis; Gasification,Gas shift and synthesis; Direct Liquefaction;Comparison of synthetic Fuel and bio-fuels.

Conversion Ethanol production technologies; biochemical conversion;thermal Conversion .Catalysts: Environmental Aspects-Environmental effect and their measure; Air pollution control water Management. Solid waste disposal .

Section - D

1. Economic and Perspective :Large Scale productionand convertion technology for the bio-fuel resources bio-refineries. Economic considerations resources process and product considrations. Industrial furances used in Chemical Process Industry. Fuels for the future , Hybrid fuels and economy.
Text/Reference Books :

Probstein R.F. and Hi11,NY.
Sarkar ,S Fuels and Combustion, 2nd Ed., Orient Longman, 1990

BIOCHEMISTRY I

BT-302
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section - A

1. Concept of life and living Processes - The identifying characteristics of a living matter.
2. Cell membrane System and Cell wall: Cell Memberane and its Organization ; Elementory idea of cellular constituents: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosomes and Micrabodies; Bacterial and Plant Cell walls.

Section - B

1. Important properties of water, the law of mass action association of water and its ionic product, pH Bronsted acids, ionization of week acids and Henderson Haeselbatch equation, Titration Curves,buffering action and physiological buffers.
2. Biomolecules :The small molecules of life- Sugars, Organic acids, amino acids and nucleotides Macromolecule of life polysaccharides, fats, porteins and nucleic acids, General idea of primary,secondary, tretiary and quaternary structures

Section - C

1. Nucleus and Heredity: Nuclear rnernbrane; Nucleolus; Nuclear pores; Chromosomes; Packing of DNA; DNA as Genetic material ; DNA replication- basic concept : From Dna to Rna: Ribosomes and protein synthesis.
2. Mitochondria and Release of Energy : Structure , organization and function;Elementry account of Glycolysis and Krebs cycle and role of mitochondria in the later process.

Section - D

1. Chloroplats:Capturing energy from the sun :Structure organization and function; Basic information on 'light' and 'dark' reactions of photosynthesis and participation of chloroplast in the process in C₃+C₄ and CAM plants.
2. Enzymes : Nomenclature and classifaction, co-enzymes and co-factors, reaction and derivation of Mchaelis-Menten equation kinetics and allosteric regulation of enzymes, isozymes; mode of catalysis.
3. Vitamins : Their structure, properties and biological structures.

Suggested readings:

Lehninger, Albert L. 1978. Biochemistry., M/s Worth Publishers Inc. New York.<./li>
Lehninger, Albert L. 1978. Princples of Biochemistry., M/s Worth Publishers Inc,, New York.
Mattews & Van Holde, 2nd Biochemistry.,Benjamin Cummings Pub. Co.
Styer, L.,4th Ed. Biochemistry
Rawn, 1989 Biochemistry
Voet & Voet, 1991 Biochemistry

References :

Biochemistry	Lehninger
Biochemistry	Stures & Cohen
Biochemistry	Voet and Voet
Biochemistry	Garrett & Grasim

THERMODYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

BT - 303
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Thermodynamics of cellular processes - New concepts for quantitative bioprocess research and development

First and Second laws of thermodynamics, activity coefficients and phase equilibrium, biological system as open, non-equilibrium system , failure of classical (closed, equilibrium).

Section -B

Thermodynamics in describing biological processes Thermodynamics concepts for irreversible biological processes, concept of thermodynamics flux. & force concept of entropy production , constructive equations, reciprocal relations, prigogines prigogines principle.

Section -C

Concept of cupling in biological processors thermodynamics of coupled biochemical reactions, cells as non equilibrium stationary state, non-equilibrium thermodynamics of passive and active transport, prigogine -curie law,

Section -D

Thermodynamics analysis of oxidative phosphorylation, stability of none-equilibrium stationery states, giycolytic oscillations, biological clock.

MOLECULAR GENETICS

BT-401
NoteQuestion No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

1. Macromolecular Synthesis; Chromosome structure and replication - DNA structure, DNA replication, , Replication of bacterial chromosome .
2. Gene Expression - Genetic code and its feature Deciphering of Gene code.

Section -B

3. RNA structure and function, Transcription, ribosome post of mRNA,rRNA, tRNA reverse transcription ribosomestructure.
4. Translation details of protein synthesis, regulation of protein synthesis with 'Lac' poeron as rnodel, inhibition of translation post translation, modification of the protein

Section -C

Mution elementary concept; types of mutations; Point mutations (Base pair change, frame shift ,deletion, etc)

Plasmids : Properties ( Replication, function of on regions incompability)

Plasmid Genetics: Plasmid cloning vactors
-Cinjugtion (Gene transfer choromosome transfer by plsmids)
- transformation
- Bacteriophage- transposition & Non homologous recombination

Section -D

Recombinant DNA techniques and cloning
-Restriction endonunucleases and recombinant DNA
-DNA cloning with restraction endonucleases
-Cloning bacterial genes
- Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)
-Genomic and cDNA library
Books :

Molecular Genetics of Bacteria by Larry Synder and wendy Champness ASM Press, Washington, 1997.

Genetics by Goodenough U, Hold Saunders Inter-National ,1985.

Principles of Genetics by Gardener ,E.j, Simmons M.J. Siustd DP.

Genes VIII by Benjamin Lewin, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, NY, 1994

Molecular Biology by Freirelder D. joners & Barilett Pub. Inc.

DIARY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY

BT - 402
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Microbial role in food processes, operation and production new protein foods- mushroom, food yeasts, algal proteins

Fermentation as a method for preparing and perserving foods. food additives like coloring flavours and vitamins.

Organisms and their use for production of fermented foods and beverages: Picking, alcoholic beverages, cheese, sourkrat, idli, vinegar

Section -B

Deoxygenating and desugaring by glucose oxidase, beer mashing and chill proofing or cheese making by proteas in and various other enzyme catalytic action in food processing Classification of fruit juice.

Post harvest technology and process of food preservation.

Section -C

1. Milk : Defination, composition, chemical and functional properities of milk components : physicochemical properties of milk protein, aggregation of Casein, micelles, factors affecting milk compsition, milk secretion and lactation.

2. Micro-organisms : Importance in dairy science and technology . Microbial spoilage of milk, hydrolytic rancidity in milk and milk product, autooxidation of milk fats and effects on milk quality.

Section -D

3. Milk processing operation : Milk pasteurization, Homogenization & Sterilization. Effect of processing of milk component and their functional properties.
4. Skimming of milk, Cream & Cream charecteristics, manufacture of yoghurt and other fermented milk product Ice cream manufacture, Butter making technology, technology of cheese and processing of concentrated milks and dried milk powder. 5. Milk quality control, sanitation in the dairy plant, adulteration of milk, dairy equipment maintenance and waste disposal.
Books

Frizer, Food Microbiology, THM Publications.
Heller. Genettic Engineering of food: Detection of Genetic Modifications, Wiley Publications.
Lel A. et. al. Microorganism & Fermentations - N.Y. Chemical. Rehm, Biotechnology set Wiley Publication
Keshav Trehan Biotechnology, 'New Age International Pvt Ltd.,2002

BIORESOURCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

BT- 403
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

1.General : Bioresources : Biomass of food, fuels and chemical
2.Biodiversity : and its characterization, use of Global positioning system in bioresource management. Problems associated with solid waste Disposal
3. Generation of Solid Wastes : Goals and objectives of solid waste management, classifaction of solid waste. Solid waste generation factors influencing Genertion of solid waste. characteristics of solid waste, analysis of solid waste

Section -B

4. Onsite Handling, Storage and Processing : Public Health and Aesthetics onsite Handiing, onsite Storage, Dustbins. Community Containers, Container Locations, Onsite Processing Methods.
5. Solid waste collection, transfer and transport : Collection System equipment and labour requirment, collection routes, options for transfer and transport systems.
6. Processing and Disposal methods : Processing techniniques and methods of disposal, sanitary land filling, composting and incineration, Bioremediation.
7. Recovery of resources, conversion products and energy: Material,recovery, energy generation and recovery operation reuse in other industry

Section -D

8. Industrial solid waste : Nature, treatment and disposal methods.
9. Biowaste including medical waste : Disposal and safety regulations.

Text/References :

G. Techobanogious, H. Theisen and R. Blassen- Solid waste engineering, Principles and Management issue, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York 77.
C.L. Mantell, Solid Waste Management John Wiley, New york, 1975
Bhide and Sundershen, Solid waste Management in Developing Counteries .

Books :

Molecular Genetics of Bacteria by Larry Synder and Wendy Champness. Asm Press, Washington, 1997.
Genetics by Goodenugh U. Hold Saunders International, 1985
Principles of Genetics by Garener, E.j., Simmons M.J. Slustad DP
Genes VI Benjamin Lewin, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford NY, 1994.
Molecular Biology by Freifelder D., Jones & Barilett Pub. Inc.

BIOCHEMISTRY - II

Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Bioenergetics : First and second laws of thermodynamics and concept of free energy, high-energy phosphate compounds
Carbohydrate methabolism : Glycolysis, Kreb's ycle pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxylate cycle, glycogenolysis and glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, Anaerobic respiration and basics of fermentation.

Section -B

Lipid metabolism : Biosynthesis of odd and even carbon saturated and Unsaturted Fatty acids formation of ketone bodies, biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, membrane phospholipids, cholestrol and steroids.

Section -C

Protein metabolism Metabolic fate of amino group, transamination and deamination, decarboxylation and oxidative degradation of amino acid, Nitrogen excretion and urea cycle.

Section -D

Nucleic acid metabolism : Biosynthesis and break down of purine & pyrimidine nucleotide by De novo and salvage pathway.
Phosphours and sulphur regulation
Metabolic regulation

Books :
Principles of Biochemistry : Lehniger, 3rd ed. McMilklan Biochemistry: G. Zubay
Biochemistry : Stryer, 5th ed., 2001, W.H. Freeman
Biochemistry : Garret and Grasirii Pub. Somders College

AGRICULTURE AND FOREST BIOTECHNOLOGY

Section -A

Conventional methods for forest trees and agricultural crops. Crop improvement : Pedegree breeding, Heterosis breeding, Mutation breeding,
Tissue culture in crop improvement Micropropagation ; for virus-free plants. Somaclonal variation, Somatic hybridization, haploids in plant breeding.

Section -B

Genetic engineering for increasing crop productivity by manipulation of photosynthesis, Nitrogen fixation, Nutrient uptake efficiency
Genetic engineering for biotic stress tolerance. Insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, weeds.

Section -C

Genetic engineering for biotic stress Drought, flooding, salt and tempereture.
Genetic engineering for quality improvement. Protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins & mineral nutrients

Section -D

Plants as bioreactor
Molecular breeding, Constructing molecular maps. Molecular tagging of genetictraits. Marker- assisted selection of qualitative and quantittave traits. Physical maps of chromosome .the concept of gene synteny the concept of map- based cloning and their use in transgenics

Books

H.J.J Nijkamp & LHW van der Plan (1990), Program in plant Cellular & mol. Biol. Kluwer Academic press Dordrecht.
Sharma B. (1995) Gen. Res & Education , Society of Genetic & Plani Breedings, New Delhi
Simmonds N.W. 1979 Principles of Crop Improvement Longman, London and New York
Sharma J.R. 1994 Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co.,Ltd.. New Delhi.
Persley G.J. 1996 Biotechnology and Integrated pest management, CAB International, UK.
Kumar,A and S. Roy Plant biotechnology and its application in tissue culture. IK Internatinal, New Delhi.

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT - 503
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Enviornmental pollution : water, air and noise (introduction sources and effects). Wste water: communal, sewage and industrial effulents: type of wastes, properties and step involved in aerobic and anaerobic treatments.
Methanogenesis: Methanogenic, acetogenic and fermentative bacteria technique proceses and conditions.

Section -B

Principle and desaign aspects of various waste treatment methods, with advance bioreactor configuration: activated sludge process, trickling filter, fluidized expanded reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket rector, contract process, fixed/packed reactor, hybrid rectors, sequential batch reactors.

Section -C

Kinetic models for biological waste treatment: Bioconversions of agricultural and of highly organic waste material into gainfully utilizable product, Biogas, H_2, cellular and food and feed stocks
Process strategies for Bioremediation through microbes and plant. Bioremediation by industries, impact for process in global Bioremediation industry, exploiting microbial metabolism Bioremediation of organic contaminants, heavy metals and nitrogenous wastes.

Section -D

Waste disposal and management, legislation of environmental problems, microbiological and biochemical aspects of waste water treatment processes, microbial strain improvement with view to develop scavengers, bioremediation.

Reference:

J. Winter, Environmental Processes I-III, 2nd Ed., Wiley Publications.
Metcalf Eddy - Waste water Biotechnology.
Ted Munn, Encyclopaedia of Global Environmental Changes, 5 Vol. Set Wiley Publications.
Metcalf Eddy - Waste water Engineering - 3rd ed., THM publications.
R.S. Ramalho - Introduction to waste water treatment

PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES

BT - 601
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Introduction, secondry plant products in nature and their occurrence, type and uses. Basic tools and techniques used in isolation and separation.

Section -B

Production in vitro- optimization selection effect of metabolism on secondary metabolite- production, production under stress factors.
Production of alkaloids, steroids and saponins. Mechanism and control by different factors, detoxification of secondary metabolites.

Section -C

Production of secondary metabolites by bioconversion genetic transformation for production of secondary metabolite. Large scale production in bioreactor. Commercial production of secondary metabolites using cell cultures. Use of biorectors, immobilized cells. Biotransformation. Applications and limitations. Cryopreservation and ex situ conservation of germplasm.
Microbial secondary metabolites, their occurrence types and uses.

Section -D

Sources and type of antitumor compounds, food additives and insecticides.
Products obtained in traditional medicinal systems and their significance in plant biotechnology
Biotechnological approach on production of secondary metabolites e.g. ginkolides from cell cultures of Ginkgo biloba L.
Use of immobilized cell svstems for the production of industrially important chemicals
Genetic regulation of metabol. Gene expression in response to environmental stimuli, Regulation of gene expression
Analysis of metabolic control and the structure metabolic.

BOOK RECOMMENDED :

Secondary Metabolites- K G.Ramawat .Oxford Press. Reprint 2000

PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT MOLECULES

Section -A

Introduction to gene cloning, tools and enzymes used in gene manipulation.Restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, DNA Polymerase Reverse Transcriptase, Polynucleotide kinease, End labeling and other processes used in rDNA technology
Major cloning vehicle and their applications-Plasmid vectors, cosmid, Phagemid, Phage vectors, Transposons.

Section -B

Making of genomic and DNA libraries, their screening and major application
Production of transgenic Microbes and their application in Biotechnology
Production of transgenic Animals and their application in Biotechnology
Production of transgenic Plant and their application in Biotechnology

Section -C

Requirement of recombinant molecules: in health, pharmaceutical, agriculture and industrial sectors in research laboratories, criteria of purity.
Rationale for the design of vectors for the over expression of recombinant proteins, selection of suitable promoter sequences, ribosome binding sites, transcription terminator, fusion protein tags, purification tags, protease cleavage sites and enzymes plasmid copy number, inducible expression system.

Section -D

Over expression conditions, production of inclusion bodies, solubilizatin insoluble proteins, Purification protocols and upscaling
Determination of purity and activity of over expressed protein.
Expeirments using model systems E.coli, Yeast, Baculovirus. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Practicals :

Genomic DNA isolation
electrophoresis of DNA
Isolation of RNA
Isolation of Plasmid
Restriction digestion
To prepare absorption spectra of nucleic acid
Quantification of DNA by DPA method.
Quantification of RNA by orcinol method
Determination of Tm value
PCR analysis

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

Gene Cloning : T.A. Brown, 4th Ed, Print 2001
Gene VII : Benzamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, 1st Ed. Print 2003
From genes to Clones : Winacker, 1st Ed. Print 2003. Panirna Publishing Crop.
From genes to Genomes : Dale and Schantz, John Wiley and Sons, Print 2002
Gene manipulation : Old and Primrose, Blackwell Science, Print 2001
Molecular Biotechnology : Glick and Pasternak, ASM Press.

INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Section -A

Introduction, Classification of Microbial product, Microbial Process for production of organic acids, solvents, antibiotics, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments and aroma.
Equipments and Accessories for industrial processes, Stability of Enzymes, Enzymes stabilization by selection and genetic engineering, protein engineering.
Reaction Environment rebuilding, Chemical modification, intramolecular cross linking, immobilization.
Application of enzymes in industey, analytical purpose and medical therapeutic.

Section -B

Microbial production of therapeutic agents: Pharmaceuticals - Isolation of interferon, cDNAs; Engineering human interferon and human growth hormone; optimizing gene expression. Enzymes - DNAase I and Alginate lyase against ctstic fibrosis. Monoclonal antibody as therapeutic agent - Production of antibodies in E. coil, HIV therapeutic agents.
Vaccines: Subunit vaccine- Herpes simplex virus, Foot and mouth disease, Tuberculosis, Peptide vaccines, Genetic immunization, Attenuated vaccines - Vector Vaccines.

Section -C

Synthesis of commercial product by recombinant microorganisms : Restriction endonucleases, Small biomolecules - L- Ascorbic acid, indigo, amino acids, Antibiotics, Biopolymers.
Biorecombination and biomass utilization Microbial degradation of xenobiotics; Commercial production of fructose and alcohol; Silage fermentation, Utilization of cellulose.
Economically important primary and secondary metabolites. Production of Single cell protein from carbohydrates, n-alkanes, methane and methanol for use in food and feed. Liquid and gaseous fuel.
Production of beer wine, vinegar and distilled beverages, Microbial food production.

Books Recommended :

Industrial Microbiology : Casida, Newage Publication, 2001.
Industrial Microbiology : Prescott and Dunn, CBS Publicatins 4th ED., 1999.
Enzymes : Trevor, Horwood, 2001
Gene Manipulation : Old and Primrose, Blackwell Science. Print 2001
Protein Engineering : Lilia Alberghina, Harvard Academy, 2003
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology : Vyas and Dixit, CBS Publications, 1999
Recombinant DNA : Waston and Gilman, Scientific Book, 2nd Ed., 2001.
Molecular Biotechnology : Glick & Pasternak, ASM Press

GENOME ANALYSIS

BT - 701
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Basic structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome
Chromatin model, concept of gene, linkage and crossing over , linkage analysis in Drosophila and Neurospora.

Section -B

Pedigree analysis in humam, Genetic mapping and its tools genetic mapping of complex character.
Multigene families in human genome and repetitve DNA, C-Value paradox and complexity of genome

Section -C

Physical mapping of genome - chromosome walking, chromosome painting,FISH,GISH,Zoo bolt.Dot bolt, VNTR,RFLP,RAPD,RACE, SNPs,QtLs,EST, CpG island identification. Exon trapping and sequence analysis.

Section -D

Rice genome project and its applicability.
Humar genome project and its application to future of mankind

Book Recommended

Genetics : Griffith and Suzuki.
Principles of Genetics : Gardener 8th Ed., Pring, 2002, Jho.
Genes VIII : Benzamin Lewin 1st Ed., Pring, 2003 Oxford University
Genome : T.A.Brown, 1999 ,Jhon wiley & Sons.

Statistics Concept and application: H. frank and S.C. althoen Cambridge University Press.
Statistical Methods: G.W. snedecor and W.G. Cochran
Basic Statistics : B.L. Agarwal.
Principles and Procedure of Statistics : A Biometrical Approach, R.G.D. Steel and J.H. torrie.

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT- 702
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Tools of Plant biotechnology : Inducible gene expression systems as tools for plant functional genomics, Somatic embryogenesis System and artificial seed production.

Plant genetic transformation : Methods and emerging trends. Screening procedures. Micropropagation - Seed versus soma, Use of micropropagation in multiplication of specific genotypes, rare and/ or improved varieties, endangered species , hardening of Micropropagated plants & their transfer to soil.

Section -B

Micropropagation methods for the following category of plants (one example for each category) - (a)Floriculture, (b)Horticulture, (c) Medicinal and ornamental plant , (d) Cereal, pulse, oilseed and fiber crops, (e) Forest trees, fruit trees- Problems in propagating trees namely system systemic contaminates, phenolic leaching, seasonal variation in respons to genotypic recalcitrance.Designing new plant genotypes with enhanced resistance to salinity.

Section -C

The engineering of recombinant plastids in higher plants.

Isolated Microspore Embryogenesis in cereals : Aspects and prospects.

In vitro propagatation of tropicl and sub-tropical fruit crops.

Application of biotechnology : in Indian ginseng (Ashwagandha).

Ornamental foliage plants : improvemint through biotechnology.

Wild species of Oryza as an important reservoir of useful alleles.

In vitro propagation of tropical and sub-tropical fruit crops. Genetic transformations of foodgrains, legumes, fruits and horticultural crops.

Somaclonal variation : Application and Limitation, Exploitation for selecting superior phenotype - disease resistant, stress tolerant, high secondary metabolite producing.

Disease elimination. Morphogenesis, regeneration of plantslets, multipliplication of plantets, rooting.,

Commerical producation of tissue cultured plants - (i) Technology transfer, equipment and procedures, (ii) Aseptic techniques and control of contamination in a commercial laboratory, quarantine, pathological indexing, packaging, cost mamlysis, marketing

Section -D

Genetic improvement of Plants through tissue culture - comparison with classical methods (a) Transgenic Plants, antisense RNAs, tissue specific sequences, elimination of plant viruses Homozygous plant production through another ovule, poolen cultures .

In vitro pollination and fertilization, embryo rescue, endosperrn culture and production of seedless plants.

Protoplast culture and its genetic improvement : (i) Somatic Hybridization , cybrids : limitations, (Micromanipulation of genes using protoplast

Genetic engineering in plant : Identity serservation in Genetically Modified Crops

Books /Reference :

Dodds. J.H. & Roberts L.W. (1985). Experiments in plant tissue culture, Cambridge Univ. Press.
Kumar A and S Roy (2006 ), Plant biotechnology and its applications in culture. I.K. International, New Delhi.
Beversadorf W.D. (1990) Progress in plant cellular & Mol. Boli. (Eds.) HJJ. Nijkamp, Kluwar Acad. Pub. Dordrecht.
Green D.A. & Somerspm (1987), Progress in PLant Cellular & Mol. Biol., Kluwar Academic Press Dordrecht.
Vasil, I.K. and Thorpe, T.A. 1994. Pliant Cell and Tissue Culture, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
Hall R.D. (Ed.) 1999 Plant Cell Culture Protocols. Human Press Inc. New Jersey, USA.
Molecular Bilogy of cell. Garland Pulishing Co., Inc.New York, USA.
Dixon R.A. (ED) 1987. Plant Cell Culture: A Practical Approach. IRL Press, Oxford.

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT - 703
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Introduction to animal tissue culture
Historical Background
The application of tissue culture
Terminology
Stages in cell culture
Outline of the key technology of animal cell culture
Setting up the laboratory
Culturing cell
Maintaining the culture
Quantification of cells in cell culture
Cloning and selecting cell lines
Physical methods of cell seperation
Hazards and safety in the cell culture laboratory
Animal cell culture media
General cell culture media design
Natural media
Synthetic media
Further Considration in Media formulation
Nutritional components of media
The Role of serum in cell culture
Choosing a medium for different cell types
Characterization of cell lines
Species verification
Intra-species contamination
Charac terization of cell type and stage of differentiation
Microbial contamination

Section II

Preservation of animals cell lines
Variation and instability in cell line
Preservation of these cell lines
Freezing of cells
Quantification of cell viability
Cell banks
Hybridism's
The limition of traditional antibody preparation
The basis of hybridoma technology
The details of hybridoma technology
Long term storage of hybridoma cell lines
Contamination
Hybridomas from different species
Human hybridomas
Commerical scale production monoclonal antibodies
Large scale animal cell culture
Culture parameters
Scale of anchorage- dependent cells
Suspension culture

Books
Cell and tissue culture : Lab Procedures in Biotechnology, Alan Doyal (ed) J. Bryan Griffth (ed).

MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Section -A

General Introduction to Biomedical Engineering. Application of Engineering in medicine, Electrical Potentials in the human body. Neuromuscular system: neurons, synapases and muscles, electrical properties of nerves and muscles, problems and diagnostics. Cardiovascular system : anatomy & physiology of heart, ECG and the cardiac cycle, problems and solulations to electrical problems in the heart, blood and vascular modeling, haemodynamics, vascular disease management, Skeletal System (Including Prosthetics). Biomaterials and Implantable sensors, testing of Biomaterials in vitro and in vivo.
Excretory, system (including Dialysis) : renal anatomy & physiology, the nephron, dialysis machines & mass transport. Medical Imagining: X-rays, design considerations of X-ray tubes, medical Image Processing - projections, 3D-2D, sclice identification, CAT, NMR, MRI,PET/ SPECT. Cellilar engineering and genetic engineering - Ethical consideration in Medical research.

Section -B

- Innate and Acquired Immunity.
- Antigens : types of antigen specificty, haptens, antibody structure and functions
- MHC, Complement System.
- Cell mediated cytotoxicity : Origin, maturation and characterization of TY- lymphocytes, Monocytes & Macrophages, Mechanisn of T cell and NK cell mediated lysis, ADCC, macrophage mediated cytotoxicity, lymphokines the product of T cell activation.
- Humoral immune response : Origin maturation and characterization of B-lymphocytes, Activation and proliferation of B- cells, Formation of plasmablast, Plasma cells and memory cells, Interaction of B and T cells.

Section -C

- Hypersensitivity, Monoclonal antibodies and its applications.
- Radioimmunoassay, enzyme - linked immunosorbant assay, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and flowcytometry.
- Characteristics of infectious diseases, Herd immunity.
- Disease cycle (Source of disease, reservoir, carriers).
- Transmission of pathogens ( Air Borne. contect transmission and vector transmission) .

Section -D

- Bacterial Diseases : Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, Laboratory Diagnosis, Prevention & control of the following diseases : Anthrax, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Whooping cough, Tetanus, Diphtheria Lerprosy.
- General Account of viral & protozoan diseases : Chickenpox, AIDS and Malaria, Leishmniasis,
- Brief account of sexually transmitted diseases.
Books Recommended

Text Box of Microbiology R. Ananthanarayanan and C.K. Jayaram Paniker, Orient Longman, 1997.
Medical Microbiology , Vol 1 ; Microbial infection : Mackie and MaCartny, Churchil Livingstone, 1996
Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology : Baron EJ, Peterson LR and Finegold SM Mosby, 1990.
Essential immunology (1995) - Roitt, I.M. Blackwell Scientific Publictions Oxford.
Fundamental immunology : W.E. Paul 1984, Raven Press, New York.
Fundamentals of immunology : R.M. Coleman, M.F. Lombord and R.E. Sicarc (1992), 2^nd ed, C. Brown publishers.
Immunology : D.M. Weir and J Steward, 7^thEd, (1993).
Broude A.I. (1981) : Medical " Microbiology" ; and Infectious Diseases, W.B. Saunders & Co. Philadelphia.
Immunology : Jaind Kuby.
An Introduction to Immunology : Ian R. Tizzard.
J.T. Bushberg. J.A. Scibert, E.M. Leidholdt (JR), J.M. Boone : The Essential Physics of medical Imaging, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, 2002.
R.B. Buxton : Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagining :Principle & Techniques, Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, 2002.
J.Enderle, S. Blancechard & J. Bronzino (Eds) : Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press, 2000.
John G. webster(Ed): Medical Instrumentation - Application and Design, 3rd Ed, John Wiley & Sons, 1989
J.B. West. (Ed) Best and Taylor's Physiological basis of Medical Practice, 11th Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1985
Y.C. Fung: Biomechanics, Spring and Verlag, New York, 1981.
S. Oka: Cardiovascular H-emorheology, Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Fundamentals of Bioinformation and Nanotechnology

BT - 802
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Introduction to Bioinformatics
Aspects of Bioinformatics
Role of Bioinformatics in Biotechnology
Application of Bioinformatics
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Carbon Nanostructres
Properties of Nanopraticles
Biological ,Materials in Nanotechnology
Nanomachines and devices
Advanced Nenotechnology
Medical Nanotechnology
Bio Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology and Society

PLANT TISSUE CULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT - 803

Section -A

- Historical background and terminology used in cell & tissue culture.
- Basic techniques of cell and tissue culture, surface sterilization, aseptic tissue transfer, concept of totipotency.
- Nutritional requirement of cell in vitro, various types of nutrient media.

Section -B

- Someatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in plant .
- Variability in tissue cultures, somaclonal and other variations.
- Isolation of cells, single cell cultures and cloning.

Section -C

- Micropropagation and cloning of plants, applications of micropropagation in agriculture, horticulture & forestry.
- Haploid production. various techniques, applications.

Section -D

- Production of disease free plants by tissue culture methods.
- Protoplast isolation and culture, fusion of protoplast .
- Somatic hybrids, selection methods. gene expression in somatic hybrid .
Books Recommended :

Plant Tissue Culture : S.S. Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan , Elsevier Science, The Netherlands.
An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture : M.K. Razdan
Cell Culture Methods and Cell biology, Vol. 4: D. W. Barens
Cell and tissue culture - laboratory procedure : A. Doyle.
Plant Tissue culture - A practical Approach : R.A. Dixon, IRL Press.
Biotechnology in Agriculture and forestry : Y.P.S. Bajaj, Narosa.
Plant cell and Tissue Culture : Rienert and Yeoman.

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

BT - 805
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Communication : Definition, Barriers in communicatinns implication of Communication, Purpose of communication.
Elements : Preparation, structure and personal interaction.

Section -B

Oral Communication; Skill and Techniqques of Speaking preparation of speaking, Development of speaking skills , barriers to speaking , speaking structure, bridging points, time limination/length of speech, Use of Humore .
Visual Communication : Nature ans scope of visual aids, Bolds, slides, overhead Projector, cutouts .

Section -C

Technical letter writing : Purpose of writing, space/ layout, economy of words, use of verb/ passive voice , type face (italics, bold,underline) and use of information.
Report writing : Preparation, report structure( Purpose of report, scope, shape, presentation of report, Introduction of report, bridging of report, style of report, and index of report.

Section -D

Public communication : meeting, planning and discussion, opening procedure, timing, degree of formality, behavior, repetitive, interviews (complexity of situation, preparation of thinking, preparation of setting, opening of the interview, style of interview).

Note : Group discussion may be introduced to enhance oral communication and debates, speeches; addresses may be introduced for Public.

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

BT - 806
Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

Principle of Management - The topic mentioned below are to be covered with respect to Bioindustries and Bioproducts.
Management - meaning and importance, evolution of management thoughts.
Function of management :

Planning - meaning and importance, steps in the process of planning, Decision making.
Organizing - process of organizing, types of organizational structures, informal organizations

Section -B

Directing - Communitation process barriers to effective Communication, Mediation - theories of Motivation, Leadership style.
Controlling - Control techniques.

Personnel Management : Manpower planning, source of recruitment, selection and training of staff , job evaluation ,merit rating, performance appraisal, wage administration and system of wage payment, incentive, trade unions and industrial relation.

Section -C

Purchases and Stores Management : Concepts of quotations, tenders and comparative ststement, inspection and quality control, inventory - Carrying cost and fixed cost of inventers, BEP analysis stores management, functions of storekeeper, methods of inventory - LIFO, FIFO.
Marketing, Management : Concept of selling, marketing, market research, Pricing-methods, penetration and Skimming pricing, Physical distribution methods, advertising and Sales promotion.

Section -D

Export and Import Management : Concept of international trade, duties and antidumping duty, cost involved in exporting a roduct, pricing of export product. Government assistance for export promation. export house, export promation counsel, MODVAT, patent and patent rights.
Management Laws : Concept of Contract act, offer and acceptence, type of Contract, Void Contract, Concept of Guarantee and warranty, introduction of MRTP and FERA.
Work Study : Work Measurement time and motion study, flow process chart, flow diagram, Sio chart, string Chart therbligs.
Quality Management : TQM, quality management, ISO Systems.
Reference Book :

Management for Business and Industry - C.S. Georage Jr.
Principles of Management - Koontz and O' Donnell.
Business Organization and Management _ M.C. Shukla .
Basic Biotechnology , Colin and Bjorn Kristiansen, Cambridge University press .

The above syllabus is to be taught keeping in mind the aspect of Commercialization.
Marketing and Management of Biotechnological product. Term work - Minimum five case studies based on the above Syllabus.

Disseration Based on Lab and Field Work

BT - 807