| Time:3 hrs. | Max.Marks:100 |
| Min.Marks:36 |
Introduction to the balance salt solutions and simple growth medium.Brief discussion on the chemical,physical and metabolic functions of different constituents of culture medium.Role of carbon dioxide.Role of serum and supplements.
Serum & protein free defined media and their application.measurement of viability and cytotoxicity.Biology and characterization of cultured cells,measuring parameters of growth.
Basic techniques of mammalian cell culture in vitro;disaggregation of tissue and primary culture;maintenance of cell culture;cell separation.Scaling-up of animal cell culture,Cell synchronization.
Cell cloning,micromanipulation and types of cloning.Cell transformation.Application of animal cell culture.
Stem cell culture,embryonic stem cells and their applications.Cell culture based vaccines.Somatic cell genetics.
Organ and histotypic cultures.Measurement of cell death.
Apoptosis.Three dimensional culture and tissue engineering.
Practicals
- Preparation of tissue culture medium and membrane filtration.
- Preparation of single cell suspension from spleen and thymus.
- Cell counting and cell viability.
- Macrophage monolayer from PEC,and measurement of pathogencity activity.
- Trypsinization of monolayer and subculturing.
- Cryopreservation and thawing.
- Measurement of doubling time.
- Role of serum in cell culture.
- Preparation metaphage chromosome from cultured cells.
- Isolation of and demonstration of apoptosis of DNA laddering.
- MTT assay for cell viability and growth.
- Cell fusion with PEG.
- Culture of Animal Cells,(3rd Edition),R.lan Froshney,Wiley-Liss.
- Animal Cell Culture-Practical Approach,Ed.john R.W.Mesters,Oxford.
- Cell Growth and Division:A Practical Approach,Ed,R.Basega,IRL Press.
- Cell Culture Lab Fax.Eds.M.Butler & M.Dawson,Bios Scientific Publications Ltd.Oxford.
- Animal Cell Culture Techniques.Ed.Martin Clynes,Springer.
- Methods in Cell Biology,Vol.57,Animal Cell Culture Methods.Ed.Jenni P Mathur and David Barnes.Academic Press.
| Time:3 hrs. | Max.Marks:100 |
| Min.Marks:36 |
Initiation and maintenance of callus and suspension culture;single cell clones.Organogenesis;somatic embryogenesis;transfer and establishment of whole plants in soil.Shoot-tip culture:rapid clonal propagation and production of virus-free plants.
Embryo culture and embryo rescue.Protoplast isolation,culture and fusion;selection of hybrid cells and regeneration of hybrid plants;symmetric and asymmetric hybrids,cybrids.
Another,pollen and overy culture for production of haploid plants and homozygous lines.Cryopreservation,slow growth and DNA banking for germ plasm conservation.Basic techniques in rDNA technology.
Plant Transformation Technology:basis of tumor formation,hairy root,features of TI and RI plasmid,mechanisms of DNA transfer,role of virulence genes,use of TI and RI as vectors,binary vectors,use of 35S and other promoters,genetic markers,use of reporter genes,reporter gene with introns,use of scaffold attachment regions,methods of nuclear transformation,viral vectors and their application,multiple gene transfers,vector less or direct DNA transfer,particle bombardment,electroporation,microinjection,transformationon monocots.Transgene stability and gene silencing.
Application of plant Transformation for productivity and performance herbicide resistance,phosphoinothricin,glyphosate,sufonyl urea,atrazine,insect resistance,Bt genes,Non-Bt like protease inhibitors,alpha amylase inhibitor,virus resistance,coat protein mediated,nucleocapsid gene disease resistance,chitinase,1-3 betaglucanase,RIP,antifungal proteins,thionins,PR proteins,nematode resistance,abiotic stress,post-harvest losses,long shelf life of fruits and flowers,use of ACC synthase,polygalacturanase,ACC oxidase,male sterile lines,bar and barnase systems,carbohydrate composition and storage,ADP glucose pyrophosphatase.
Chloroplast Transformation;advantages,vectors,success with tobacco and potato.Metabolic Engineering and industrialProducts:plant secondary metabolites,control mechanisms and manipulation of phenylpropanoid pathway,alkaloids,industrial enzymes,biodegradable plastics,polyhydroxybutyrate,therapeutic proteins,lysosomal enzymes,antibodies,edible vaccines,purification strategies,oleosin partitioning technology.
Conventional plant breeding.Molecular Market-aided Br4eeding:RFLP maps,linkage analysis,RAPD markers,STS,microsatellites,SCAR(sequence characterized amplified region),SSCP(single strand conformation polymorphism),AFLP,QTL,map based clonning,molecular marker assisted selection.Arid and semi-arid plant biotechnology.Green house and green-home technology.
Practicals:
- Preparation of media.
- Surface sterilization
- Organ culture.
- Callus propagation,organogenesis,transfer of plants to soil.
- Protoplast isolation and culture.
- Anther culture,production of Haplods.
- Cytological examination of regenerated plants.
- Agrobacterium culture,selection of transformants,reporter gene(GUS)assays.
- Developing RFLP and RAPD maps.
- J.Hammond,P.McGarvey and V.Yusibov(Eds.):Plant Biotechnology.Springer Verlag,2000.
- T-J.Fu,G.Singh,and W.R.Curtis(Eds):Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Food ingredients.Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.1999.
- H.S.Chawla:Biotechnology in Crop improvement.International Book Distributing Company,1998.
- R.J.Henry:Practical Application of plant Molecular Biology.Chapman and hall.1997.
- P.K.Gupta:Elements of Biotechnology.Rastogi and Co.Meerut,1996.
| Time:3 hrs. | Max.Marks:100 |
| Min.Marks:36 |
Isolation preservation and maintenance of industrial microrganisms,media for industrial fermentation,Air and media sterilization.
Types of Fermentation processes:Analysis of batch,fed batch and continuous bioreactions,stability of micrkobial reactors,analysis of mixed microbial populations.
Measurement and control of bioprocess parameters,Downstream processing:Introduction,Removal of microbial cells and solid matter,foam separation,precipitation,filtration,centrifugation,cell disruptions,liquid-liquid extraction,chromatography,membrane process,Drying and crystallization.
Whole Cell immobilization and their industrial Applications.
Industrial Production of chemicals utilizing wastes:Alcohol(ethanol)Acids(citric,acetic and gluconic),solvents(glycerol,acetone,butand),antibiotics(Penicillin,streptomycin,tetracycline),Aminoacids(lysine,glutamic acid),Single Cell Protein.
Use of microbes in mineral beneficiation and oil recovery.
Introduction to food Technology,Principles of food processing,Elementary idea of canning and packing,sterilization and pasteurization of Food Products,Technology of typical Food/Food Products(bread,cheese idli),Food Preservation.
Practicals:
- isolation of industrially important microorganisms for microbial processes.
- determination of thermal death point(TDP)and thermal death time (TDT)of microorganism for design of a sterilizer.
- Comparative studies of Ethanol production using different substrates.
- microbial production of citric acid using Aspergillus niger.
- Microbial production of antibiotics(Penicillin).
- Production and estimation of Alkaline Protease.
- Use of alginate for cell immobilization.
- Biochemical Engineering Aiba,S.,Humphrey,A.E. and Millis,N.F.Univ.of Tokyo Press,Tokyo.
- Biochemical Reactors,Atkinson,B.,Pion Ltd.London.
- Biochemical Engineering fundamentals,Baily,J.E. and Oils,D.F.,McGrow Hill Book Co.,New York.
- Bioprocess Technology:Fundamentals and Applications,KTH,Stockholm.
- Process Engineering in Biotechnology,Jackson,A.T.,Prentice Hall,Engelwood cliffs.
- Bioprocess Engineering:Basic Concepts,Shuler,M.L. and Kargi,F.,Prentice Hall,Engelwood Cliffs.
- Principles of Fermentation Technology,Stanbury,P.F.and Whitaker,A.,Pergamon Press,Oxford.
- Bioreaction Engineering Principles,Nielson,J. and Vissadsen,J.,Plenum Press.
- Chemical Engineering Problems in Biotechnology,Shuler,M.L.(Ed.),AICHE.
- Biochemical Engineering,Lee,J.M.Prentice Hall Inc.
- Bioprocess Engeering-Kinetics,mass Transport,Reactors and Gene Expression,Vieth,W.F.,John V.& sons,Inc.
| Time:3 hrs. | Max.Marks:100 |
| Min.Marks:36 |
Microbiology of degradation of xenobiotics in Environment-Ecological hydrocarbons,oil pollution,surfactants,pesticides.
Solid wastes:Sources and management(composting,wormiculture and methane production),bioremediation of contaminated soils and waste-land;Biopesticides in integrated pest management.
Global environmental problems:UV-B and Ozone depletion,Green house effect and acid rain,their effects and biotechnological approaches for management.Methodology of environmental management-the problem solving approach,its limitations.
Biodiversity and its conservation;Plant germ plasm collection including of wild species,intraspecific variations in crop plants,molecular characterization of variations,issues of intellectual property rights and legal concerns of bioresource.
Origin of crop plants and their domestication,plants in human nutrition and animal food,human population growth and global food prospects,food security and availability of food,International agricultural research,CGIAR and agricultural research and development.
Classical plant breeding,molecualr basis of genetic modification and crop improvement programmes,GM food crops,biotechnology in controlling crop diseases,weeds,insects and pests.
Seed-biology,technology and role in agriculture,Seed certification,seed banks,terminator gene technology and implications,plant as chemical and pharmaceutical factories,bikosafety and GM food crops,International and local regulations.
Practicals:
- Detection of coliforms for determination of the purity of potable water.
- Determination of total dissolved solids of water.
- Determination of dissolved oxygen conentration of water sample.
- Determination of biological exygen demand(BOD)of a sewage sample.
- Determination of chemical exygen demand(COD)of sewage sample.
- Determine the efficiency of revoval of air pollutant using fibrous air filter.
- Isolation of xenobiont degrading bacteria by selective enrichment technique.
- Test for the degradation of a aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria.
- Survey of degradative plasmids in microbes growing in polluted environment.
- Effect of Sulphur dioxide on crop plants.
- Estimation of heavy metals in water/soil by Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
- Estimation of nitrate in drinking water.
- Study on biogenic methane production in different habitats.
- Plant,Gene and Crop Bitechnol,M.J.chrispeel and D.E.Sadava ASPB 2003.
- Economic Botany,S.L. Kocher.
- Wastewater Engineering-Treatment,Disposal and Reuse,Metcall and Eddy,Inc.,Tala McGraw Hill,Delhi.
- Comprehensive biotechnology,vol.4,M. Moo-Yound (Ed-in-chief),Pergamon Press,Oxford.
- Environmental Chemistry,A.K.De,Willey Eastern Ltd.,New Delhi.
- Introduction to Biodeterioration.D.Allsopp and K.J.Seal,ELBS/Edward Arnold.
- Cookson,J.T.1995.Bioremediation Engineering:design and Application.McGraw-Hill,Inc.
- Cheremisinoff,Nicholas P.Biotechnology for waste and wastewater treatment.
| Time:3 hrs. | Max.Marks:100 |
| Min.Marks:36 |
The Elective paper in the M.Sc. final year will be based on detailed review report on one of the courses listed in the syllabus.The student will make a complete report in about 100 pages that shall be evaluated by the course co-ordinator and one internal teacher.The marks will be awarded internally. It is proposed to include the following areas as part of elective papers.
- Proteomics,functional genomics and therapeutic genomics.
- Topics on human genetics and genetic dissection of heritable diseases and detection of associated mutations and diagnostics based on PCR.
- Technologies being adapted for further applications like closing of animal with a capacity to produce human macromolecules.
Max.Marks:200
Note:Each theory paper will contain 9 question out of which a candidate has to attempt 5 questions in all.Question no.I will be compulsory and will carry 20 marks.This will be of several short objective type of multiple choice type and will be set in a manner so as to cover the entire syllabus.Dissertation.The Project work will involve in depth practical work on a problem suggessted by the supervisor of the candidate.The student will submit the dissertation of the work done.The dissertation submitted by the candidate shall be evaluated by one external expert,head of the department and supervisor of the candidate.The seminars, in-plant training and industrial visit reports will also be submitted by the candidate to the Head of the Department who will submit these to the external examiner.The examination shall be held in the department and the disertation etc.will NOT be required to be mailed to the external examiner.The distribution of the marks will be as under.
| Disertation | 100 marks |
| Viva Voce | 50 marks |
| Seminar reports | 25 marks |
| Industry visit report | 25 marks |
| Total | 200 marks |