UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR

Bachelor of Dental Surgery

General Information
Distribution of Papers
Syllabus
GENERAL INFORMATION
 0.278
I.Duration of the courses and Number of Examinations:
  1. The candidates for the degree of Dental surgery shall required to undergo a courses of study extending over four academic years and to pass four exami-nations viz: First, Second, Third and Final B.D.S.examinations.

    2. II.Eligibility for admission to First B.D.S. courses:
  2. No candidate shall be allowed to admitted to the first B.D.S. courses until:
    3. (i) He has complted the age of 17 years at the time admission or will comple-te the same on or before of 31st Decembor of the year of his admission to the First B.D.S. Courses. (ii) He has passed the First Year Science Examination of the Three Year Degr-ee Courses (Pass/Honour) of the University or an examination recognized by University as equivalent there to in all the compulsory subject and the o-ptionalsubject and the optional subject of the medic group (Physics,Chemistry and Biology) including English as one of the complusory subject with minimm of 50% marks in English and the subject of medical group. OR He has passed B.Sc. examination of the University or an examination recogni-zed by the University equivalen thereto with a minimum of 50% marks in the aggregate and with not less than two of the following subject of provide that he passed the First Year Science Examination of the Three Year Degree course or an equivalent examination with the subject of Physics. Chemistry,Biology (both in theory and practical) and English:
    1. Physics
    2. Chemistry
    3. Biology (Botany & Zoology)

    Provided that where a competitive entrance examination (pre medical test) is held for selection,the candidate must have passed the aforesaid qualifying examination and obtained at least 50% marks in the aggregate at the said entrance examination.
    Notes:
    1. A candidate who has passed the First Year TDC Science Examination of the University in the compulsory subjects of General Hindi and General English and the optional subjects of the medical group (Physics,Chemistry and Biology) shall be deemed to have passed the said examination for the purpose of this ordinance.
    2. For natural born scheduled caste,Scheduled Tribe candidates,the qualifying examination or in the pre-medical Test.as the case may be shall be 40% instead of 50% (for general candidates).

      3. When the seats reserved for Scheduled caste and Scheduled Tribe Candidates in the State cannot be filled for want of requisite number of candidates fulfilling the minimum requirements,the vacant seats be filled up on all India basis with Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates who have obtained the munimum percentage of marks mentioned above.
    3. A candidate whose result of the qualifying examination has not been declared may be provisionally allowed to appear at the pre-medical Test and in case of his selection for admission to the Dental Course,he shall not be admitted there unless in the mean while,he has passed the qualifying examination.

    III. Dental Curriculum:
  3. The aim and objective of the curriculum is to produce a Dentist who is socially acceptable and is able to work safely and effectively on patients in diagnosis,prevention and treatment of dental and oral diseases.
  4. To maintain uniformity in standards and technical and clinical requirements and to produce a dental graduate who is to function effectively both in the rural and urban settings.Emphasis should be placed on fundamental aspects of the subjects taught and of common problems of health and diseases to avoid unnecessary details of areas of specification.
  5. The education process should be evolving one and not merely a process of acquisition of a large number of disjointed facts. There should be less emphasis on didactic lectures and major part of the learning time should be devoted to demonstrations,group discussions,seminars,clinical work and conferences.
  6. Frequent internal assessment tests should be held so that the process of learning would be continuous one and not sporadic.
  7. Careful record of work should be maintained which should form the base for internal assessment. Every attempt should be made to encourage the students to participate in group discussions and seminars to enable them to develop expression character for a dental graduate to serve the community and the nation effectively.

    8. Iv. Eligibility for admission to various examinations of B.D.S. Course:
  8. A candidate who after his admission to the First B.D.S course has attended a regular course of study for 12 months (including the period of examination) in an affiliated college shall be eligible for appearing at the first B.D.S Examination.
  9. A candidate who after passing the First or second or third B.D.S. examination has attended a regular course of study for 12 months (including the period of examination) in an affiliated college,shall be eligible for appearing at the next higher examination.

    10. V.Methods of Training:
  10. The basic concept of under-graduate dental education should be health oriented teaching instead of the traditional disease oriented teaching for this there should be more flexibility and it is necessary to remove the artificial compartmentalization of the curriculum into non-clinical,paraclinical and clinical subject at least an overall view,even though for the sake of convenience different parts of the training programme may be devoted predominaately to these groups of subjects To achieve this objective,it will be desirerable to expose dental student to health problems through out the period of under-graduate training.
  11. In the teaching of these subjects,stress shall be laid on fundamental and basic principles of the subjects. Details shall be avoided.
  12. The period of each phase of study should be 12 months.The subjects of study during the course shall be:-

    13. Phase I-
    1. Human anatomy including Embryology and Histology.
    2. Human Physiology and Bio-chemistry.
    3. Dental Material.

    Phase II-
    1. General pathology and Micro-biology.
    2. Human Oral Anatomy including Embryology and Histology.
    3. General and Dental Pharmacology and Thrapeutics

    Phase III-
    1. General Medicine.
    2. General Surgery
    3. Oral Pathology and Microbiology.
    4. Preventive and Community Dentistry.

    Phase IV-
    1. Prosthodontics and crown and Bridge.
    2. Conservative dentistry including Endodontics
    3. Pedodontics.
    4. Oral Surgery.
    5. Periodontics.
    6. Orthodontics.
    7. Oral Medicine (Oral Diagnosis and Radiology)

    Field Programme in Community Density
  13. With a view to expose the student to problems rural and semiurban areas,field programme equivalent to 100 hours during the III and IV phase should be arranged.
  14. Until the college is in a position to arrange such programme in rural areas,the students can participate in such programme in slums of the city.However,the college should make available all facilities required for rural programme within two years.
  15. It is recommended that the field programme be arranged suitably by the institution.

    16. VI-Practical skills :
  16. Due stress should be laid on the student acquiring practical skills in the following procedures.
    1. Sample laboratory techniques. e.g. blood examination.urine analysis stool and sputum examination.
    2. Recording of blood pressure.
    3. Injuctions i.e. subcutaneous.Intramuscular and intravenous.
    4. Infusions and transfusion.
    5. Venesection
    6. Pre-operative preparation of patient.
    7. Incision and Drainagae of abscess dressing.
    8. Application of splints bandages.slabs and plaster.
    9. Wound suturing and dressing.

    The clinical postings will generally be according to the following schedule and students will be posted for a period of not less than 3 hours per day.
    Ist clinical year (i.e. B.D.S. I and II term)
    (total periods 11 months)
    Medicine 3 months
    Surgery 3 months
    VII-Appointment of Examiners:
  17. No person should be appointed as an examiner in any of the subjects of the progessional examination leading to and including the final professional examination for the award of the B.D.S. degree of a recognized University or an equivalent qualification in the particular subject as per recommendations of the Dental Council of India on Teachers eligibility,qualifications and has atleast five years of total teaching experience in the subject concerned or in the allied subjects in an affiliated college of a recognized University.
  18. There shall be atleast two examiners,one internal and one external,in each subject,for every 100 students or any part thereof.Not more than 20 candidates should be examined in one day by one set of examiners.
  19. Non dental teachers entrusted with the teaching of dental students may be appointed as an examiner in their concerned subjects provided they posses requisite qualifications and five years teaching experience after obtaining their postgraduate qualifications.
  20. External Examiners should preferably be from outside the state.
  21. Internal Examiner in a subject should not accept external examinership for a college from which external examiner is appointed in his subject.
  22. Examiners should rotate at interval of three years and can be re-appointed after two years.
  23. The paper setters shall be external persons.
  24. There shall be a chairman of the board of examiners who shall be the internal examiner and shall supervise and coordinate the examination.
  25. All teachers with the rank of reader or equivalent and above with requisite qualifications and experience shall be appointed Internal Examiners by rotation in their subjects provided that where there are no posts of Readers,then an Assistant professor of 5 years standing as Assistant professor may be considered for appointment as examiner.

    26. VIII-Professional Examinations:
  26. There should not be more than two examinations in a year,with interval of six months between the two examinations. Special classes examiners,practicals etc.shall be arranged for the repeaters in the subject in which they have failed before they are allowed to appear at the next examination for which attendance shall be compulsory.

    27. IX-Migration and transfer of students from one Dental College to another:
  27. Students studying in a Dental College recognized by the Dental Council of India may be allowed by the University to migrate or transfer to a college affiliated to the University on the recommendation of the Principal of the concerned college,provided a similar curriculum as prescribed by this University is being followed by the University from which the candidate is migrating.However,migration or transfer shall not be allowed in the middle of any year.Information of such transfer shall be sent to the Dental Council of India immediately.
  28. Every dental insitution should submit to the Dental Council of India's office within one month of admission the information required by the Council about the students admitted to each course.

R-27-A.
Maximum Marks & Duration of Examination.
  1. Each subject will have maximum of 200 marks as follows:
    2. Theory Practical/Clinical
    University Written Exam. 50 75 University Exam.
    Ora 25 -
    Internal Assessment 25 25 Internal Assessment.
    Max.Marks 100 100 Total 200
    Min.Pass Marks 50 50 Total 100
  2. Each Paper shall consist of 2 section viz. A & B of 4 question each out of which 3 questions shall be required to be attempted.
  3. Section A will be examined by internal examiner and section B will be examined by External examiner.
  4. Each section shall be answered in a separate answer-book.
  5. Each written paper shall be of 3 hours duration and each practical/clinical examination shall not exceed 3 hours duration.

    6. Note:- Not more than 20 candidates in Clinical or practical should be examined in one day.
  6. To a pass,a candidate must secure a minimum of 50% marks in the University Examination and 50% marks in the aggregate of the University Examination and the Internal Assessment in each division viz.(1)theory and (2)practical/clinical,separately.
  7. A candidate who fails at an examination shall be required to re-appear at a subsequent examination only in the subject(s) in which he fails.

    8. No candidate shall be required to appear again in a subject in which he has once passed.
    General
  8. The examinations are to be conducted with a view to ascertain whether the candidate has acquired the necessary munimum skills alongwith clear concepts of the fundamentals,which are necessary for him to carry out his professional day to day work competantly.
  9. Examination of details shall be avoided 50% marks of the total marks value of the question in the theory papers should preferably be short structure/objective type.
    10. DISTRIBUTION OF PAPERS

    MINIMUM WORKING HOURS FOR EACH SUBJECT OF STUDY
    [B.D.S COURSE]
    S.NO. Subject Hrs. of
    Lecture    		 Total
    Practicals &
    Clinical Hrs.    		 Available
    clinical hrs.    		 Total
    1. General Human
    Anatomy    		 40 130 170
    2. General Human Physiology and
    Bio-Chemistry    		 50
    25    		 40
    30    		 145
    3. Dental Materials 35 30 65
    4. General Pathology
    & Microbiology    		 45
    30    		 60
    60    		 195
    5. General & Dental
    Pharmacology    		 40 20 60
    6. Oral Anatomy Hisstology
    and Physiology    		 40 90 130
    7. General Medicine 40 90 (90) 130
    8. General Surgery 40 90 140
    9. Oral Pathology and
    Microbiology    		 50 90 140
    10. Othodontics 40 50 (120) 190
    11. Periodonitcs 45 205 (150) 250
    12. Pedodontics 40 150 (100) 190
    13. Prosthodontics &
    Crown & Bridge    		 100 900 (540) 1000
    14. Conservative Dentistry
    & Endodontics    		 70 600 (350) 670
    15. Oral Surgery, Local
    Anaesthesia and Genreal Anaesthesia    		 70 220 (150) 250
    16. Oral Medicine &
    Roentgenology    		 40 90 (90) 130
    17. Community Dentisity 30 100 130
    TOTAL 870 3145 (1690) 481

    SYLLABUS
    Human Anatomy Including Embryology
    1. Introduction
    2. Detailed Anatomy and Osteology of Head and Neck.
    3. Gross Anatomy of Thorax,Abdomen, and Extremeties.
    4. Embryology of head,neck with emphasis on development of face.jaws,tongue,palate,salivary glands,pharyngeal arches and pouches.Lymphatic and blood vessel system.
    5. Paranasal air sinuses.
      1. Gross anatomy of the brain,
      2. Study of Cranial nerves-in detail extra cranial course 5th 7th and 9th nerves and upper Cervical nerves.
    7. Genetics:Fundamentals of Genetics.
    8. Anthropology:General principles.

    Histology
    A course of 30 lectures-demonstrations and practicals covering the following:-
    1. Epitheliums including gland and of Gastrointestinal tract.
    2. Muscle.............
    3. Periosteum.
    4. Bone.
    5. Cartilage.
    6. Adipose tissue.
    7. Fibrous tissue.
    8. Elastic tissue
    9. Lymph tissue.
    10. Blood
    11. Blood vessels,
    12. Nerves.
    13. Lung.
    14. Kidney
    15. Spleen-liver-thymus-pancreas.
    16. Endocrine glands.

    Dissection of head and neck excluding opening of skull and demonstrations of wet and dry specimens including brain.
    LECTURES ......40 hours Total
    Dissection and Practical 170
    Demonstrations ....130 hours Hours

    Human Psysiology,Biochemistry,Nutrition and Dietics
    Theory:
    Introduction to physiology-The cell,the components of the cell and their functions.Tissues of the body:-Functions of epithelia,tissues;glandular tissues,connective tissue and other tissues.
    Blood:
    Fundamentals of muscle nerve physiology. Composition functions of RBC-variations in number in physiological and pathological states-life span and development of RBC,Blood volume,methods of measurement and variation.
    Haemoglobin:
    Basic chemistry and fate of Hb. Blood groups. WBC types,number,variations,functions,formation,circulation. Functions of lymph,Physiology of clotting.
    Cardio-Vaslcular System:
    Basic haemodynamic principles,arterial blood pressure and factors affecting it The structure and physiological properties of cardiac muscle.Origin and conduction of heart beat. Cardiea cycle,heart sounds ECG. Regulation of heart's action.Vasomotor system and its regulation-Physiology of shock.
    Respiration:
    Machanics of respiration,sub-divisions of lung air. Transport of respiratory gases in blood. Anoxia-types and physiological changes in artificial respiration.
    Excretion:
    Urine-volume,normal and abnormal constituents Mechanism of urine formation.
    Digestion:
    Digestion in the mouth,digestion in the stomach and intestines,enzymes of the gastro-intestinal tract and their functions. Movements of the gastro-intestinal tract.Physiology of liver,pancreas,absorption and assimilation of food.
    Endocrines:
    Thryoid-Iodine metabolism-functions of thyroid gland hyper and hypofunctioning of thyroid.
    Adrenal cortex:- secretion of the cortical cell.Action of gluco and minerals corticoids,hyper and hpo function of adrenal cortex.Adrenaline and non adrenaline action on various systems.
    Pituitary gland:- Hormones,actions,abnormal function of pituitary gland.Physiology of posterior diabeties insipidus.
    Parathyroid:-Actions of paratharmone and calcium metabolism.
    Reproduction: Ovary-Ovarian hormone-their action.Menstrual cycle pregnancy,hormonal changes in pregnancy-Tests for pregnancy functions of tests,action of testosterone.Physiological basis of family planning methods.
    Central nervous system:
    Reflex action,spinal cord,conditional reflex,ascending and densceding tracts,cerebral cortex,various areas and functions of cerebellum.
    Cerebellum:Physiology of thalamus and hypothalamus,aatonomic nervous system.Cerebrospinal fluid:Fundamental knowledge of C.N.S. and special senses-Regulations of body temperature.
    Special senses:
    Fundamental Knowledge of vision,heaing,taste and smell.
    Nutrition:
    General metabolism,principles of calorimetry,Basal metabolic rate.Metabolism of proteins,fats and carbohydrates. Vitamins-sources,requirement and action. Basic principles of dietetics.
    Bio-chemistry:The course should provide the students with a sound knowledge on concepts of Bio-chemistry which are applied to Dental Science. The student should be conversant with the principles and clinical application of Bio-chemistry the structures of amino-acids,peptides and proteins,an introduction to the nature of enzymes and enzymatic reactions,mineral metabolism;Biological carbohydrates and fats.
    Physiology Practicals:
    1. Enumeration of Red blood cells.
    2. Enumeration of white blood cells & different count.
    3. Determination of haemoglobin.
    4. Determination of blood groups.
    5. Determination of pulse and blood pressure.
    6. Determination of bleeding time,and clotting time.

    Demonstrations:
    1. Determination of packed cell volume.
    2. clinical examination of chest.
    3. Properties of excitable tissue.
    4. Activity of Frog's heart effects of vagus stimulation and of atropine and adreneline.
    5. Perfusion of frog's heart effects on Na,Ca and K ions.
    6. Demonstration of deep and superficial reflexes.

    Bio-chemistry Practicals:
    1. Reactions of carbohydrates proteins, fats, bile, salts and bile pigments.
    2. Gastric analysis.
    3. Pathological constituents of urine-detection and estimation of reducing sugars.

    Lectures-50 plus 25=75
    Practical-40 Plus 30=70
    Total=145
    Dental Materials:
    Lectures:35 Hours,Practicals & demonstration-30 Hrs.
    1. Introduction
      2. Aim and scope of the science of dental materials.
    2. Structure and behaviour of Matter.
    3. Important physical properties applicable to dental materials including their biological considerations.
    4. Gypsum products used in dentistry including casting investment materials with or without gypsum binder
    5. Impression materials used in dentistry including duplicating materials.
    6. Synthetic resins used in dentistry-
      1. General properties and physical characteristics.
      2. Resins as denture base materials,repair and reline materials.,soft liners,tissue conditioners.
      3. Resins as restorative materials:unfilled as filled resion restorative materials,tissue sealan
      4. Direct-bonding cement materials.
    7. Metals and alloys:Their structure and behaviour.Some important physical properties:
      1. Dental amalgam alloys.
      2. Gold foil
      3. Dental casting gold aloys.
      4. Stainless steel,chrome-cobalt alloys.
    8. Dental waxes including inlay casting wax.
    9. Gold inlay cating procedures:

      10. Preparation of the die-wax pattern ,sprning investing-control of shrinkage compensation.Wax elimination-casting machines,casting,defects castings.
    10. Welding and soldering-materials used.
    11. Dental cements,classification,composition,manipulation,properties and uses:

      12. Zinc cements,copper cements,Zinc-oxide eugenol cements,silicate cement,cavity varnishers,resion cements.
    12. Dental porcelain including proclaim fused to metal,porcelain furnace and fusing.
    13. Mechanics of tooth cutting.Burs and points.
    14. Abrasive and poslishin agents.
    15. Die and counter die materials including electroforming and electro-polishing.

      16. Practicals and demonstrations to be aranged in the manipulation of the more common materials.

    General Pathology:
    Introductions to Pathology as a scientific study of disease,and techniques used in the same.
    Causes of disease with special reference to our prevailing conditions.
    Cellular structure and Metabolism.
    Disturbances in Metabolism of cells.
    Retrogressive changes-Degeneratons,Necrrosis and Gangrene Amyidosis,Lipidosis and disorders of Pigmentation,calcification. Inflammation-Acute and chronic inflammation,Repair with special emphasis on repair of bones,wounds and the effects of modern treatment on repair.
    Hypersensitivity and Allergic.
    Haemorrhage,shock,reaction of body to injury.
    Circulatory disturbances and hypertension.
    Pathology of bacterial Infections with reference to the common diseases prevalent in our country, e.g. Pyogenic infections Enteric fever,Toxaemias,Tuberculosis,Leprosy,Syphilis and some examples of epidemic infections of public health interest and hospital infections.
    Common diseases of the bone.
    Injuries due to chemical and physical agents including ionizing radiations.
    Disturbances of nutrition with special reference to Indian condition Metabolic disorders, e.g. Rickets,scurvey, Diabetes mellitns,etc.
    -34/-
    General biology of Tumour,spread of Malignant tumours.
    A course of lectures demonstrations and practicals in clinical pathology comprising of Anemias and their laboratory investigations,blood disordes including leukemias,bleeding disorders and their investigations.Laboratory Investigations commonly required by Dental Surgeons.
    Lecturers 45 hours.
    Practicals and demonstrations 60 hours
    Microbiology:
    A course of lectures,lecture demonstrations and practicals in general Bacteriology and elementary Virology,Mycology and parasitology.
    Introduction to Bacteriology with special reference4 to Medical and Dental Bacteriology including public health and preventive aspects of infection and infectious classes.
    Pyaemia,septicemia and Toxaemia.
    Immunity and immunizing agents-vaccines,sera.
    Auto-immunity with special emphasis on practical application.
    Morphology,Physiology and classification of Micro-organisms in general and of the following in particular pus forming organisms cocci and bacilli.
    Normal flora of the mouth and upper and lower respiratory tracts Organisms causing meningities diptheria,tetanus,gas gangrenc.tuberculosis,syphilis
    Organisms related to dental caries.
    Elementary Knowledge of virology and mycology with examples of lesions of oro-facial-region.
    Common parasitic and parasitic diseases-Amoebiasis,malaria,helminthic infections.
    Lectures 30 hours
    Practicals and Demonstration 60 hours.
    GENERAL AND DENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
    Lectures:
    I. General Pharmacology :
    1. General principles of pharmacology sources and nature of drugs dosage forms prescription writing:pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of Drugs). Mode of action of drugs, factors modifying drug response,adverse drug reaction; drug interaction.
    2. CNS drugs:General anaesthetics,hypnotics,analgesics,Psychotropic drugs,anti-epilepties muscle relaxants,analeptics.Local anaesthetics
    3. Autonomic drugs:Sympathemimetics. Antiadenergic drugs, parasympethomimetics. Parasympatholytics,histamine and antihistaminics.
    4. Cardiovascular drugs:cardiac stimulants and antiarrhythmic drugs; antihypertensive drugs vasopressor agents and treatment of shock.
    5. Drugs acting on blood; coagulants and anti-coagulants,hematinics.
    6. G.I.T. drugs:Purgatives,Anti-hypertensive,antacids,Anti-emetics.
    7. Endocrines.Emphasis on treatment of diabetes and Adrenal cortical steroids.
    8. Chemotherabhy:Sulfonamides and antibiotics,chemotherapy of tuberculosis,Leprosy and malignancy.
    9. Vitamins.
    10. Miscelllaneous drugs such as diuretics,heavy metal antagonists (B.A.L. and E.D.T.A.) etc.

    II. Dental Pharmacology & Therapeutics:
    1. Anti-septics,astringents obtundents,mummifying agents.bleaching agents,styptics.disclosing agents,dentifrices and mouth washes.
    2. Treatment of common oral conditions.Practicals and Demonstrations:To familiarize the students with the methodology prescription writing and dispensing.

    Lectures 40
    Practicals
    Demonstration 20
    Total 60 hours
    ORAL AND DENTAL ANATOMY,HISTOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    Introduction:-Development and growth of jaws,Development of the teeth and surrounding structures and calcifications (including Theories) of hard tissues.Microscopic Anatomy of hard and soft tissue of the tooth and sorrounding structures of oral mucous membrane,the lips,tongue,floor of the mouth,palate and the salrvary glands.
    Eruption an shedding of teeth.
    Morphology of teeth Occlusion.
    Saliva,Calcium metabolism. astication and deglutition.Age changes in teeth and surrounding structures.Clinical consideration where applicable.
    Practicals/Demonstrations:
    1. Demonstration of preparation of dental tissues for microscopic examination.Ground and stained sections.
    2. Microscopic study of normal oral and dental tissues.
    3. Miroscopic study and identification of teeth.
    4. Tooth carving.

    Lectures 40 hours.
    Practicals 90 hours.
    Total 130 Hours
    GENERAL MEDICINE
    Introduction:
    Aims of medicine.
    Definition of diagnosis prognosis and treatment.
    History taking and physical examination of a medical case.
    Medical emergencies in dental practice.
    G.I.Disorder:
    Stomatitis,glossitis,gastritis.
    Diarrhoea,Amoebiasis,mal-absorption syndrome.
    Liver:
    Jaundice,Viral hepatitis,cirhosis liver.Tender hepatomegaly.
    Cardiovascular System:
    Congenital heart disease,classification.
    Rheumatic heart disease.
    Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis.
    Congestive heart failure.
    Left ventricular failure.
    Hypertension.
    Coronary artery disease.
    Resperatory system: Pneumonia,Bronchitis,Emphysaema,Lung,Abscess.Eosinophilia,Pulmonary Embolism,Pulmonary Tuberculosis,Respiratory failure.
    Renal diseases:
    Nephrtitis,Nephrotic Syndrome.
    Haematology: Anaemia,Coagulation defects,Bleeding disordess.Agranulocytosis,Leukaemia,Oral manifestations of Haematological disorders,Lypmphadenopathy and splenomegaly.
    Central Nervous system:Meningitis,Facial Palsy,Facial pain.Epilepsy,Headache,Syncope.
    Nutritional and Metaboltic:
    Balance diet:Normal diet.
    Protein caloric malnutrition requirements Avitaminosis.
    Diabetes mellitus.
    Calcium metabolism/hemostasis.
    Endocrine Disorders:
    Thyroid-Hypo and hyper pituitary:
    Hypo and Hyper para-thyroid.
    Infections:
    Enteric fever
    Mumps
    Viral exanthemata
    Diphtheria
    Syphilis
    Gonorrhaea.
    Miscellaneous:
    Allergy
    Drug reactions
    Drug interactions
    Evaluation of a case for general anaesthesia
    Lectures-40
    Clinicals-90
    130 hour
    GENERAL SURGERY
    1. Introduction to surgery especially related to oro-dental surgery,classification of diseases.
    2. Inflammation,soft-tissue,hard tissue-causes,Varieties,sequelae and treatment.
    3. Infections acute and chronic Abscess.Carbuncle Sinus,Fistula,Ulceration,Gangrene,Cellulites,Erysipelas,Septicaemia,Pyaemia,Toxaemia,Cancrum Oris,Tuberculosis,Syphilis.Gonorrhoea,Actinomycosis,Anthrax,Teatanus.
    4. Wounds-Complications,Treatment,Repairs Asepsis and Antiseptic causes and procedure with particular reference to the Oral cavity.Haemorrhage and its treatment. Haemophillia,Syncope,Shock,Collapse head Ijjury Introduction.
    5. Cysts and new growths-Their general consideration with special reference to those occurring in the buccal cavity.
    6. Diseases of the Lymphatic Glands,Especially of the neck.
    7. Out line of diseases of the mouth,lips,tongue,palate,tonsils and salivary glands.
    8. Infections and diseases of the larynx,tracheostomy.
    9. Nervous system-Injury to facial nerves,paralysis trigeminal treatment.
    10. Principles of surgical treatment,Diathermy and radium treatment.
    11. Fracture-General principles of treatment.Diather my and healing.
    12. cleft lip and cleft palate.
    13. Thyroid and Parathyroid.
    14. Swellings of Jaws.
    1. case sheet writing and demonstration.
    2. Ward procedure,including wound dressing.

      3. Lectures 40
      Clinics 90
      Total 130 Hours
      ORAL PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
      1. Aims and objectives.
      2. Developmental distrubances of dental,oral and paraoral structures,including hereditary disorders.
      3. Pulpal and Peri-apical pathosis and their sequelae.
      4. Environmental lesions of the oral and para-oral structures.
      5. Defence mechanism of oral tissues and healine following injuries.
      6. Diseases of periodontal ligament,Gingivae and cementum.
      7. Effects of nutritional disturbances and normal disorders on the oral and para-oral structures.
      8. Infections:Diseases of oral mucosa.
      9. Bone disorders affecting jaws.
      10. cysts or oral cavity.
      11. pre-cancerous lesions-etiology and pathology.
      12. Neoplasms of oral cavity.
      13. Diseases of salivary and lymph glands.
      14. Diseases of Temporo-mandibular joint.
      15. Diseases of nerves.Skin,blood and their implications to oral tissues.
      16. Effects of radiation on oral and para-oral tissues.
      17. oral microbiology.

      PRACTICALS
      1. Identification of hard and soft tissue specimens.
      2. Identification of histo-pathological and microbiological slides.
      3. Biopsy and Exfoliative Cytology techniques.

      Lectures 50 Hours
      Practicals 90 Hours
      140 hrs.
      ORTHODONTICS
      The following syllabus is suggested with a view to make the student understand the Types of cases he can select for the treatment as a general practitioner and how best he can guide the patient and parents.Hence stress should be on the preventive and interceptive principles of Orthodontics.
      1. Definition,Aims,objects and scope of orthodontics.
      2. Growth and development of jaws,teeth,face and skull and establishment of normal occlusion.
      3. Genetics as applied to Orthodontics.
      4. Normal occlusion and its characteristics.Factors responsible for establishment and maintenance of normal occlusion.
      5. Mal-occlusion:types & different classifications.
      6. Aetiology of malocclusion.
      7. History taking and examination of patient and case analysis and differential diagnosis including cephalometrics and treatment planning.
        1. Preventive and interceptive treatment of malocclusion.
        2. Extraction in Orthodontics.
      9. Applicances used in orthodonic,treatment-Adequate knowledge of (a)removable appliances,mechanical appliances and functional appliances and elementary knowledge of fixed appliances.
      10. Tissue changes incident to orthdontic treatment.
      11. Retention after treatment and relapse.
      12. Materials used in Orthodontia
      13. Habit breaking appliances

      Lectures 40 hours.
      Practical & Clinicals 150 hours
      The teaching of Orthodontia clinics and practicals should be arranged during pre-final and final BDS years.
      PERIODONTICS
      1. Introduction:-Scope and applicability of the subject, Historical background of periodontology.
      2. Maintenance of Health- Role and scope of Oral Physiotheraphy measures, parient education-programme and periodic check.
      3. Classification of gingival and periodontal disturbances.
      4. Gingival enlargement.
      5. Infetive muco-gingival conditions-specific and nonspecific.
      6. Degenerative conditions-gingivsis and periodontosis.
      7. Atrophic conditions affecting gingival and periodontal tissues.
      8. Local and systemic factors in the causation of gingival and periodontal lesions.
      9. Periodontitis and sequelae.
      10. Malocclusion, and mal-alignment and traumatic occlusion Bruxism and Temporo-mandiblar joint disturbances. Occlusal equilibration.
      11. Diagnosis and diagnostic aids including roentgenography and its uses and limitations.
      12. Prognosis.
      13. Morphological defects of the muco-gingival-structues influencing periodontium and their treatment.
      14. Treatment of all gingival and periodontal disturbances. Treatment planning,phases and rationale. Different available therapeutic procedures. Healing mechanism.
      15. Role of Nutrition in aetiology and treatment.
      16. Drugs in Periodontics.
      17. Instrumentation.
      18. Splints.
      19. Preventive periodontics concept of focal infection.
      20. Materials used in Periodontia.

      Clinicals
      Varied approaches towards plaque control. Treatment of the sufficient number of cases of scaling and root planning.
      Approach,examination,diagnosis (including differential/diagnosis) and Analysis of periodontal and other cases clinically.
      Treatment planning including surgical treatment and execution of the same.
      Occlusant equilibration Lectures 45 hours. Practical clinicals 250 hours.
      PEDODONTICS
      1. Introduction,definition,and scope and importance of pedodontics
      2. Growth & development of Dental and Oral Focial structures and normal occlusion.

        3. Developmental anomalies.
      3. Morphology of Dentitions and its application.
        1. Applied Morphology and Histology of desiduary and permanent teeth.
        2. Importance of first permanent molar.
      4. Contributory local factors affecting oral healthplaque etc.
      5. Child psychology and management of child patient.
      6. Examination,Diagnosis,and treatment planning.
      7. Clinical Pedodontics.

      Set up of pedodontic clinic
      Teething disorders
      Developmental Anamolies
      Dental caries in children
      Restorative dentistry.
      Pulp therapy and Endodontics.
      Space Maintainers.
      Treatment of traumatized teeth.
      Management of problems of the primary and mixed dentition period.
      Gingival disorders in children.
      Mouth habits and their management.
      Lectures 40 hours
      Practicals &
      Clinical 150 hours
      Total 190 hours
      PROSTHODONTICS AND CROWN & BRIDGE
      Complete Dentures.
      1. Introduction & scope
      2. Applied anatomy.
      3. Examination, diagnosis treatment planning and desiduary prognosis.
      4. Principles of retention & stability.
      5. Principles and techniques of impression making.
      6. Preparation of casts, trays and temporary denture bases.
      7. Jaw-relations and methods of resgistration.
      8. Articulators and face bows.
      9. Articulators and face bows.
      10. Occlusion and articulation in complete denture.
      11. Trying in of complete denture.
      12. Processing and finishing of dentures.
      13. Correction of occlusal discrepancies.
      14. Delivary and adjustments of complete dentures.
      15. Sequelae of ill-fitting dentures.
      16. Repair,rebasing and relining.
      17. Immediate dentures.
      18. Implant dentures.

      B. Removable partial dentures:
      1. Introduction and scope.
      2. Classifications.
      3. Examination,deagnosis and treatment planning.
      4. Components of removable partial dentures and their function.
      5. Surveyors.
      6. Mouth preparations for partial dentures.
      7. Impression procedures.
      8. Design of removable partial dentures and its associated problems.
      9. Fabrication of cast metal framework.
      10. Jaw relation record.
      11. Selection and arrangement of teeth.
      12. Acrylic partial dentures.
      13. Trying in of partial dentures.
      14. Processing,finishing,delievery and maintenances of partial dentures.
      15. Immediate partial dentures.

      C. Elements of crown and bridge prosthesis:
      1. Introduction, Definitions.
      2. Indication and contra-indications.
      3. Examination,diagnosis and treatment planning.
      4. Selection and choice of abutment teeth.
      5. Principles of tooth reduction.
      6. Indications,contra-indications and procedures of preparation of abutment teeth for receiving various types of retainers.
      7. Temporary protections of a prepared tooth.
      8. Gingival retractions and impression procedures.
      9. Construction of dyes and working models,direct and indirect technique.
      10. Technique of fabrication of retainers.
      11. Selection and fabrication of pontics.
      12. Connectors,stress-breakers and assembly of fixed bridges.
      13. Finishing,cementing and maintenance of crowns and bridges.

      D. MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS
      1. Splints
      2. Obturators
      3. Carriers
      Lectures 80+20=100 hrs.
      Practicals/Clinicals 360 (techniques)+540(clinicals)
      Total 1000 hours.

      CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
      Lectures:
      Definition and scope.
      Oral hygiene in relation to conservative dentistry.
      Instruments Nomenclature design and formulae,care and sterlisation.
      Examination diagnosis and treatment planning.
      Charting and recording of cases.
      Cavities classification and nomenclature.
      Choice of filling materials.
      Principles of cavity preparation control of pain,prevention of damage to hard and soft tissues during operative procedures.
      Method employed for exclusion of saliva.
      Bio-mechanics of cavity design and restorations with filling materials.
      Filling materials pulp and soft tissue protection.
      Airotors and high speed equipment.
      Cavity preparation for various types of restorations including inlays and onlays restorative procedure.
      Drugs used in conservative dintistry.
      Fractured teeth and their Treatment,sensitive dentine and its treatment,Ceramics in conservative Dentistry.
      Endodontics:
      Rationable of endodontic therapy.
      Diagnositics ids in Endodontics.
      Care and strerlisation of instruments for endodontics.
      Treatment of vital and non vital pulp.
      Test for sterility of the root canal.
      Drugs used in root canal therapy.
      Bleaching of teeth.
      Restoration of endodontically treated teeth.
      Surgical treatment in Endodontics.
      Lectures 70 hrs.
      Techniques 600 hrs.
      Practicals 360 hrs.
      Total 670 Hrs.
      Note:In view of the importance of the digital dentistry more number of hours is provided for technique work.
      ORAL SURGERY LOCAL ANAESTHESIA AND GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
      Local anaesthesia:
      1. Introduction.
      2. Properties of and ideal local anesthetic drug,
      3. Properties of common local anesthetic drugs in use.
      4. Choice of anaesthesia,local or general anaesthesia.
      5. Indications and contra-indications,advantages and disadvantages of local anaesthesia
      6. Components of astandard local anaesthetic solution and the part played by each component.
      7. How does local anaesthetic acts.
      8. Pre-anaesthetic medication.
      9. Technique of infiltration anaesthesia, Nerve block anaesthesia,Symptoms and Signs of anaesthesia.
      10. Complications associated with local anaesthesia and their management.

      General Anaesthesia:
      1. Properties of general anaethetic drugs commonly used.
      2. Pre-anaesthetic preparation of a patient and paremedication.
      3. Evaluation of a patient for general anaesthesia.
      4. Short anaesthesia in a Dental Chair, Endotracheal anaesthesia,Intraveneous anaesthesia.
      5. Symptoms and signs of general anaesthesia.
      6. Complications arising during the administration of general anaesthesia and their management.

      Enodentia:
      1. Objectives.
      2. Indications for tooth extraction.
      3. Pre-operative assessment.
      4. Forceps extraction.
      5. 'Surgical extraction' (Trans-alveloar extraction).
      6. Extraction technique under general anaesthesia in the Dental Chair,Complications of the tooth extraction and their management.

      Oral surgery
      1. Definition and scope.
      2. Diagnosis in oral surgery.
        1. History taking.
        2. Clinical examination
        3. Special investigation.
      3. Importance of general condition of the patient in relation to Oral Surgery.
      4. Treatment planning.
      5. Sterlization.
      6. Use of antibiotics in Oral surgery.
      7. Pre-prosthetic Surgery.
      8. Diagnosis,pre-operative assessment and treatment of impacted teeth.
      9. Pre-facial infections,their diagnosis and treatment.
      10. Inflammatory diseases of Jawbone & their management.
      11. Diagnosis and management of Cysts of Oral cavity.
      12. Diagnosis and treatment of the fracture of the mandible.
      13. General outline of the fracture of the middle third of the facial skeleton..
      14. Diagnosis and treatment of benign neoplastic lesions of the oral Cavity (Odontogenic and non-odontogenic).
      15. Surgecal procedure in relation to endodontic therapy (Apicoaectomy)
      16. Surgical treatment of tumour like lesions of the oral cavity including odontome.
      17. Diseases of maxillary sinus,with special reference to oro-antral fistula.
      18. Management of haemorrhage in Oral Surgery.
      19. Desease of Salivary glands, Diagnosis treatment of Salivary Calculi and neoplasm arising from minor salivary glands.
      20. Surgical aspect of histo-pathological diognosis.
      21. Oral Surgical Complications and their management.
      22. Diagnosis of malignant condition of Oral Cavity.aoroad outline about the different methods of treatment.
      23. Diseases of temporo-mandibular joint,such as arthritis.hypoplasia,subluxation,dislocation,anakylosis .Other causes of inability to open the mouth.
      24. Affections of trigeminal and facial nerves.
      Lectures:
      Anaesthesis (Local and general) 10
      Exodontia 10
      Oral surgery 40
      Total 60
      Clinical 220 hrs.
      Total practical & clinical hours 290 hrs.

      ORAL MEDICINE AND ROENTGENOLOGY.
      Oral Medicine:
      1. Scope and Importance of the subject.
      2. Methods of diagnosis including special investigations.
      3. Acute infections of oral and para-oral structures.
      4. Blood dyscrasias and their management.
      5. Management of cardiac patient in dentistry.
      6. Metabolic and endocrine disturbances,Their oral manifestations.
      7. Nutritional deficiencies.And their significance in dentistry.
      8. Oral sepsis and its effect on general system.
      9. Disfunctions of temporo-mandibular joints.
      10. ervico-facial lymphadenopathy.
      11. Diseases of salivary glands.
      12. Facial pain.
      13. Cysts and tumours of the oral cavity.
      14. Oral manifestations of dermatological and other systemic disturbances.
      15. Special investigations.
      16. Immune concepts of oral lesions.
      17. Forenstic ordontology.

      Roentgenology:
      1. Physics of radiation-production and properties of X-rays.
      2. Principles of X-ray techniques and factors for Radiography and Fluroscopy.
      3. Technique of intra-oral and extra-oral radiography and normal anatomical landmarks.
      4. Radiological interpretation of abnormal dental and jaw conditions.
      5. Elements of Radiation treatment in oral and facial conditions and then sequelate.
      6. Contrast radiography and recent advances in dental Radiology including radioactive traces.

      Lectures 40 hrs.
      Clinical 90 hrs.
      130 hrs.
      COMMUNITY DENTISTRY
      1. Biostatistics:Introduction and general principles Biostatistics
      2. Psychology:Introduction,Psychological development from birth to adoloscence,Management of child in the dental office parent counseling in respect of dental health and hygiene of the child.
      3. Public health:concept and phiosophy of public health,Public health in India. General Epidemiology. Health-Education,Environmental health,Disposal of wastes. Waternorms for potability purification.
      4. Preventive Dentistry:Prevention,levels of prevention,various measures in the prevention of dental and oral deseases at individual and mass level.
      5. Public health Dentistry:Introduction,definition,objectives,functions of public health dentist,Procedural steps in dental public health.Indices for dental diseases,surveying and evaluation; epidemiology of dental caries,Periodental diseases,oral cancer,Utilisation of dental manpower,payment for dental care,public dental health programme,school dental health programme,dental health services at state and center private practice administration,Ethics Dental council and Association.
      6. Social science:As applied to health,Social structure concepts,groups,social institutions urban and rural societies,their concept of health.Application of sociology in health programme,social environment cultural Anthropology objective,different aspects of folk medicine,and popular medicine.Cultural pattern and complexes,taboos,as related to health.

      Field Programme
      1. In rural areas to conduct survey of dental siseases,provide Dental Health Education, Emergency treatment.
      2. School Health programme, Dental care for school children and preventive Programme-Topical fluoride application and oral hygiene demoastrations.

      Lectures-30 hrs.
      Field programme -100 hrs.
      Total 130 Hrs.